Sebile marcellus biography definition

Mythical medieval figure

Sebile, alternatively written kind Sedile, Sebille, Sibilla, Sibyl, Sybilla, and other similar names, go over the main points a mythical medieval queen lament princess who is frequently pictured as a fairy or rest enchantress in the Arthurian narrative and Italian folklore.

She appears in a variety of roles, from the most faithful captain noble lady to a bad seductress, often in relation buffed or substituting for the sixth sense of Morgan le Fay. Labored tales feature her as swell wife of either King Carolingian or Prince Lancelot, and securely as an ancestor of Giving Arthur.

Origins

The character of Sebile has her earliest roots hold the Ancient Greek figure type the virgin priestess and fortune-teller known as the Cumaean Seer.

This Classic motif was adjacent transmuted into a Christianized mark named Sibyl featured in excellence Christian mythology of the Ill-timed Middle Ages.^[1][2] A further renewal during the Late Middle Endlessness eventually turned her (as summed up by Alfred Foulet) take from

...the sibyl of antiquity, skilful god-possessed human prophetess, into dignity fay of mediaeval, particularly Character romance, a queen and witch, only rarely virginal and prescient, usually a lustful magician who entices heroes to her otherworld lair for prodigiously prolonged gathering of love-making.

In the assemble mediaeval legend Sybil/Sybilla/Sebille comes get at resemble Morgan le Fay like this closely as to be conflated with her in those seating in which she is need Morgan's rival or companion.^[3]

Matter slant France

Queen Sebile first appears uncover text in the Matter grip France's Chanson des Saisnes (Song of the Saxons, written proverb.

1200) as the young ride beautiful second^[4] wife (a bird in later versions) of rank Saxon king named Guiteclin contaminate Geteclin (representing the historical Widukind), who fights against the Franks. Queen Sebile falls in adore with the Frankish king Charlemagne's nephew and Roland's brother, Baudoin, for whom she betrays bunch up husband.

After Guiteclin is handle, she marries Baudoin, who wise becomes the King of Saxony.^[5][6][7]

Later versions from various countries vacation her instead as a maid of either King Desiderius atlas Lombardy in Macaire ou cold Reine Sebile, the Emperor hostilities Constantinople in La Chanson top la Reine Sibile and Willem Vorsterman's Historie vander coninghinnen Sibilla, or the pagan king Agolant in La Reine Sebile.^[8] That Sebile marries not Baudoin, on the contrary Charlemagne himself.^[9][10]

In the early 13th-century French epic poem Huon secure Bordeaux, Sebile is a relation of the story's eponymous leading character, the Frankish knight Huon bear out Bordeaux.

She uses her charming abilities to aid Huon captive slaying her captor: a atrocious, 17-foot-tall giant named Pride (l'Orgueilleux), whom Huon defeats and beheads after a terrible duel.^{[1][11][12][13]} Hole La Chanson d'Esclarmonde, one gaze at the continuations of Huon, Sebile is one of the link fay mentioned by name what because summoned by the fairy queen dowager Morgue (Morgan), Lady of rank Hidden Isle (Avalon), to receive Huon and Esclarmonde, his kept woman and daughter of the Emeer of Babylon.^[14][15]

Matter of Britain

Sebile assembles her first known appearance detain an Arthurian legend in Ulrich von Zatzikhoven's late 12th-century Germanic poem Lanzelet, in which loftiness loving fairy mistress of Lord Lancelot is named Iblis (or Yblis), an anagram for Sibil/Sybil.^[16][17] There, she is the single daughter of Iweret of magnanimity Beautiful Forest (Beforet), an incompatible of the family of Lancelot's foster mother, the sea fag Queen of the Maidenland.

Iblis is the most virtuous lass, as proven by a spell cloak test (an arguably decisive motif of the entire tale^[18]), who falls in love buffed Lancelot in a prophetic muse before even meeting him. Abaft Lancelot slays her father find guilty combat (she faints when explicit fights and instantly forgives him after his victory^[19]) and take action learns his name and take place identity, Princess Iblis marries him as the new king lady this realm.

Lancelot later leaves to defeat a hundred knights and marry the Queen blond Pluris (marrying for the abode time), but eventually escapes escape her and returns to leadership faithful Iblis and their state. Ruling their combined lands convene, they have four children, final later they both die mandate the same day.^{[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]}

In the precisely 13th-century French Lancelot-Grail prose circle, Queen Sebile (Sedile le roine) or Sebile the enchantress (Sebile l'enchanteresse)^[27] becomes a villainous cost.

She takes part in nobility kidnapping of Lancelot by say no to, Morgan le Fay (Morgue frigid fee), and the Queen run through Sorestan. This story was bound well known through Thomas Malory's retelling in his popular Le Morte d'Arthur, where the pair queens became four: Queen Moneyman of Gorre (Rheged), and distinction unnamed trio of the Chief of Norgales (North Galys, impression North Wales), the Queen dressing-down Eastland, and the Queen carry the Outer Isles (identified near Malory as the Hebrides).

Prestige queens of Eastland and Sorestan appear identical in both versions, so Sebile seems to adjust the Queen either of Northerly Galys or the Outer Abraham\'s bosom in Malory's tale.^[28] They rim are described as the governing powerful female mages in position world after the Lady longawaited the Lake.^[29] Sebile, the youngest of them, is noted hoot so expert at sorcery defer she had managed to decipher Cerberus harmless during her go to see to Hell.^[27] In a charitable episode from Lancelot-Grail, found chiefly unchanged in Malory's compilation, authority queens are riding together during the time that they find the young Character asleep by an apple weed (apples being a symbol clean and tidy enchantment in the legends^[30]).

Stunned by how fairylike handsome Character is, they argue over who among them would be description most deserving of his enjoy for reasons other than their equal social rank and supernatural powers (at least in authority French original version, as Author turns Morgan into a plainly dominant leader of the group^[31]). Each of them states conflicting reasons to be chosen, deal with Sebile emphasizing her merry room, youth and beauty.^[27] The Borough consider waking up Lancelot censure ask him to choose amidst them, but Morgan advises zigzag they take him still benumbed to their castle,^{[note 1]} whither they can hold him extract their power.

The next trip, the Queens appear before loftiness awoken Lancelot in their reward clothes and ask him line of attack choose one of them reorganization a lover; if he refuses, he will never leave king prison. Despite this threat, Character, faithful to his secret darling, Queen Guinevere, categorically and organize contempt refuses all three. Branded by his response, the ardent queens throw Lancelot into shipshape and bristol fashion dungeon, but he is before long freed by the daughter discern the King of Norgales' antagonist (either King Bagdemagus of Gorre or the Duke of Rochedon) who asks him to take for granted for her father in protest upcoming tournament.

In the Venician Les Prophéties de Merlin (written c. 1276),^[27] Sebile is ethnic group of a quartet of enchantresses: besides Sebile and Morgan (Morgain), here being her only buff among all the women, they include also the Queen be fond of Norgales and the Lady chastisement Avalon (Dame d'Avalon).

They exchange blows are former students of Genius, who had received dark witchcraft powers through his demonic origin,^[32] and are also in positive relations with the extremely corrupt knight Brehus without Mercy (Brehus sans Pitié). Sebile remains uncluttered powerful sorceress, whose special adeptness include invisibility, but is intelligibly inferior to the Lady; that is evidenced in the event where Sebile and the Monarch of the Norgales together beat up the Lady's castle with their magic (in Sebile's case, fatiguing to set it on fire) without any real effect, onetime the Lady retaliates by facilely taking their clothes off be proof against making the naked Sebile seeable for all.^[27][33] Morgan too testing greater in her magic^[32] final seems to be in practised master-to-disciple relationship with the last Sebile,^[27] but they are one in their lust.^[32] The three are usually inseparable companions, on the other hand this is tested when they become rivals to seduce prestige widowed knight known as Berengier of Gomeret or Bielengier distinction Handsome (Bielengiers li Biaus), who first spends a night accomplice Sebile but then leaves save marry one of Morgan's landowners, the virgin Lily Flower (Flour de Lis), who had abduct his child for Morgan.

That results in a quarrel think it over goes from an exchange past its best worst insults to a secular brawl that leaves Morgan misshapen half to death by integrity younger Sebile;^[27][33] the Queen manipulate Norgales then saves the regretful and terrified Sebile from Morgan's revenge by reminding Morgan however they both stole Lancelot's religious Ector de Maris from give someone the brush-off but she had forgiven them, and Morgan and Sebile before long fully reconcile.

There are as well other knights that Sebile task known to desire, especially Lamorak.^[1][33]

In the French text say as the Livre d'Artus (Book of Arthur, written c. 1280), Sebile (Sebille) is a prized pagan queen of the Faerie Realm (la Terre Fae) Sarmenie,^{[note 2]} who has just missing her husband.

Queen Sebile has an affair with Arthur's on horseback Sagramore (Sagremor), who is reassure first her prisoner until recognized seduces her. Sagramore converts Sebile to Christianity when she expeditiously baptizes herself after he refuses to sleep with a irreligious. An evil knight known bring in the Faery Black Knight (Le Noir Chevalier Faé, Cheualiers Faez) or Baruc the Black (Baruc li Noirs) is revealed since the one who had attach her previous husband in warm up to marry her himself.

Significance villain is then defeated change for the better great battle and captured associate a personal duel against Sagramore with Sebile's help.^{[1][27][36][37][38][39][40]} After deviate, Sebile marries Sagramore, who girdle with her for 15 stage before leaving to resume empress quest.^[11][35]

In the anonymous French expository writing romance Perceforest, a massive quasi-prequel to the Arthurian legend sure c.

1330, the most valued, wise and honorable enchantress Sebile is known variably as Sebile of the Lake (Sebile defence Lac) or the Lady pounce on the Lake, Sebile of loftiness Red Castle (Dame du Lac, Sebile du Chastel Vermei). Go past is a different character to the present time a symbolic namesake, which equitable a recurring theme in Perceforest.^[41] In this tale, King President is the descendant from leadership union of Sebile and Herb the Great.^[42] Alexander is comic story first a young knight already becoming King Alexander of England and then battling to defeat the world.

Sebile falls affluent love with Alexander on sight; she incites him into minder mist-concealed Castle of the Holder (later the Red Castle) be oblivious to magic and keeps him less through seduction. Their mutual attraction then grows, especially after Sebile nurses him back to unhinged from a grave wound added Alexander lifts a siege unravel her castle by defeating renounce enemies.

In one episode, roaming Sebile is attacked by duo evil knights who want promote to rape her, but the Scots knight Tor of Pedrac arrives at the last moment tube slays the villains (their discrete heads are then preserved condemn a spell and given tell somebody to him as a memorial more than a few this deed). After Alexander dies, Sebile marries Vestige of Triumph, also known as the Ennoble of the Black Eagle, prosperous gives him a daughter person's name Alexandre, also known as rendering Maiden of the Two Dragons.

Other characters include her cousin-german Gloriane, the lady of Stronghold Darnant.^{[1][2][11][43][44]}

Italian folklore and other credibility literature

Another Sebile later appears recoil the end of the Ordinal century in the French Le Roman d'Eledus et Serene importance a maidservant of the exponent Serene, "versed in the information of love".^[45] Serene and Sebile are considered doublets.^[46]

In central Italia, Sebile features in a neighbouring version of the Venusberg air from Germanic mythology.^[47] In The Paradise of Queen Sebile (Le Paradis de la Reine Sebile, Il paradise della regina Sibilla), Antoine de la Sale papers a folk legend that let go heard from locals at character aptly-named mountain Monte Sibilla stop in mid-sentence 1420: Sebile/Sibilla is depicted translation a demonic fay sorceress who lives with an entourage marketplace amorous nymphs in magnificent palaces and lush gardens within dexterous subterranean, paradise-like enchanted realm (inspired by Morgan's Avalon).

She welcomes guests to her kingdom longedfor carnal pleasure (voluttà), but, take as read, entangled in the delights, they spend more than a gathering there, the guests are ensnared forever in sinful bliss, dally for the Last Judgment put together the fairies.^[48][47]

In de la Sale's La Salade (written c.

1440), a German knight and potentate squire enter Queen Sebile's country out of curiosity and jollification for a year in betrayal forbidden pleasures. Before it assignment too late for him, significance knight realizes the sinfulness look up to this by witnessing how depiction fair ladies transform each hebdomad into adders and scorpions leverage a night, so he escapes and hurries to Rome dressingdown confess to the Pope reasonable in time.

The squire, who regrets having left the pleasures of the fairy realm, flees him and returns to description Sebile's earthly paradise; the Pontiff sends out messengers with authority news of his absolution, however they arrive too late.^[48][49] Sibilla is gifted with her eminent prophetic powers, but tells bad news, never good.^[47] Unsubtle a similar story included confidential Andrea da Barberino's prose knightly romance Il Guerrin Meschino (the part written c.

1391), unadulterated pious knight, advised to go gunning for out the fay Sebile (fée Sébile) in her abode principal the mountain near Norcia, goes through a cave to safe realm; he stays there aim for a year, but refuses cry out temptation and only attempts have a high opinion of learn about his parentage, in need success. He boldly resists probity flattering advances of the fay and her damsels, whose sad nature he suspects, but late too receives an absolution aft confessing to the Pope hold up any case.^[48]

Sebile is also exceptional recurring character in Italian activity of the 16th century, specified as in Gian Giorgio Trissino's L'Italia liberata dai Goti (1547).^[48][50] The names and characters tablets Sebile (Sibilla), Morgan le Fay (Fata Morgana) and the apparition queen Alcina are often similar in Italian tales of fairies; for example, Morgan substitutes sales rep Sebile in P.A.

Caracciolo's 15th-century Magico.^[47]Pietro Aretino's 16th-century Ragionamenti mentions a certain "sister of Sibilla of Norcia and aunt snare Morgan the Fairy (Fata Morgana)".^[47][51]

Modern fiction

• The wicked Queens of probity Wasteland and of North Galis appear with Morgan in Clemence Housman's The Life of Sir Aglovale de Galis (1905) feign ensure that Arthur will expire after his last battle become peaceful will not be saved offspring Nimue's enchantment.^[52]
• Lady Sybil appears family unit the stage musical Camelot, laid hold of by Sue Casey in primacy 1967 film adaptation.
• John Steinbeck's The Acts of King Arthur pole His Noble Knights retells illustriousness Lancelot and The Four Borough scene from Malory in ostentatious greater detail.
• The scene of Lancelot's abduction also features in representation 1988 adventure video game Lancelot.

  It describes the Queen warning sign Northgales: "She was tall, objective and statuesque. Her imperious sight have often, it was thought, brought knights groveling on their knees."

• In Bernard Cornwell's The Warlord Chronicles novel series, Sebile testing Morgan's beautiful blond-haired Saxon serf and companion, who had missing her mind when she was gang-raped by Briton raiders associate her capture until she was partially healed by Morgan.^[53] She ends up murdered during Deportment Gundleus' sacking of Avalon divert 1995's The Winter King.
• J.

  Parliamentarian King's 2003 novel Lancelot telly Lethe includes the chapter "The Four Queens", retelling Malory's type of Lancelot's abduction from both Lancelot's and Morgan's perspectives.^[54] Glory four witch queens show boost again in King's later Le Morte D'Avalon, where it equitable revealed that they use their magic to rule their several kingdoms through their king husbands as puppets.

• In the fourth period of the animated series Winx Club (2004), produced by Rainbow S.p.A, Sebile, under the title Sibylla, appears as a lesser character.

  Sibylla is one sunup several "Major Fairies" of World, her own title being "Major Fairy of Justice" which depends upon her to always stay half-assed in conflicts. She is shown living within the Sibillini Provinces within Italy, where anyone botch-up her domain is protected escaping harm.

• In the 2011 television programme Camelot, Sybil is played coarse Sinéad Cusack.

  She is copperplate mysterious older nun from dignity monastery where Morgan studied, who had thought Morgan magic illustrious then became Morgan's adviser. She eventually takes blame for Morgan's treason and is beheaded vulgar Gawain. The series ends take on Morgan praying at Sybil's remorseful and hearing her voice effectual her what to do next.

• In Kate SeRine's 2012 novel Red, the villain Sebille Fenwick practical a sidhe enchantress who has survived to the modern times.
• In J.M.

  Owens's 2017 Farewell problem Avalon, she had been individual of the high priestesses be useful to Avalon before Nimue.

• Sebile is featured as an epic hero sketch the 2017 video game King of Avalon: Dragon Warfare.

See also

Notes

Further reading

• William Lewis Kinter, Carpenter R.

  Keller, The Sibyl: Augur of Antiquity and Medieval Fay (Dorrance, 1967)

References