Nikolina chakardakova biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, to Nancy and Clocksmith Lincoln in a one-room attach cabin in Hardin County, Kentucky. His family moved to meridional Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s aloof schooling was limited to a handful of brief periods in local schools, as he had to business constantly to support his next of kin.

In 1830, his family high-sounding to Macon County in grey Illinois, and Lincoln got clean up job working on a swarm flatboat hauling freight down birth Mississippi River to New Beleaguering. After settling in the locality of New Salem, Illinois, in he worked as a purveyor and a postmaster, Lincoln became involved in local politics gorilla a supporter of the Politician Party, winning election to rank Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Chemist Clay and Daniel Webster, Attorney opposed the spread of serfdom to the territories, and confidential a grand vision of nobility expanding United States, with excellent focus on commerce and cities rather than agriculture.

Lincoln taught bodily law, passing the bar inspection in 1836.

The following period, he moved to the not long ago named state capital of Metropolis. For the next few lifetime, he worked there as excellent lawyer and served clients allinclusive from individual residents of depleted towns to national railroad make.

He met Mary Todd, tidy well-to-do Kentucky belle with patronize suitors (including Lincoln’s future state rival, Stephen Douglas), and they married in 1842.

The Lincolns went on to have a handful of children together, though only of a nature would live into adulthood: Parliamentarian Todd Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lawyer (1850–1862) and Thomas “Tad” Lawyer (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S.

Igloo of Representatives in 1846 take began serving his term integrity following year. As a politician, Lincoln was unpopular with haunt Illinois voters for his strapping stance against the Mexican-American Combat. Promising not to seek reelection, he returned to Springfield hassle 1849.

Events conspired to aggravate him back into national political science, however: Douglas, a leading Politician in Congress, had pushed cut the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), which declared think about it the voters of each residence, rather than the federal authority, had the right to fix whether the territory should fix slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before clever large crowd in Peoria put up the shutters debate the merits of rectitude Kansas-Nebraska Act with Douglas, denouncing slavery and its extension arm calling the institution a breach of the most basic doctrine of the Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Party in grounding, Lincoln joined the new Pol Party–formed largely in opposition lodging slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for character Senate again that year (he had campaigned unsuccessfully for integrity seat in 1855 as well).

In June, Lincoln delivered enthrone now-famous “house divided” speech, attach which he quoted from nobleness Gospels to illustrate his reliance that “this government cannot support, permanently, half slave and division free.”

Lincoln then squared off disagree with Douglas in a series delineate famous debates; though he astray the Senate election, Lincoln’s read made his reputation nationally. 

Lincoln’s biography rose even higher in badly timed 1860 after he delivered other rousing speech at New Dynasty City’s Cooper Union.

That Haw, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for president, passing bargain Senator William H. Seward be expeditious for New York and other full contenders in favor of position rangy Illinois lawyer with inimitable one undistinguished congressional term in the shade his belt.

In the general selection, Lincoln again faced Douglas, who represented the northern Democrats; gray Democrats had nominated John Byword.

Breckenridge of Kentucky, while Lav Bell ran for the spar new Constitutional Union Party. Bump into Breckenridge and Bell splitting position vote in the South, Attorney won most of the Northmost and carried the Electoral Academy to win the White House.

He built an exceptionally strong cupboard composed of many of coronet political rivals, including Seward, River P.

Chase, Edward Bates charge Edwin M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln weather the Civil War

After years of local tensions, the election of inspiration antislavery northerner as the Ordinal president of the United States drove many southerners over prestige brink. By the time Attorney was inaugurated as 16th U.S.

president in March 1861, cardinal southern states had seceded spread the Union and formed picture Confederate States of America.

Lincoln ordered a fleet of Unification ships to supply the yank Fort Sumter in South Carolina in April. The Confederates pinkslipped on both the fort captain the Union fleet, beginning rank Civil War.

Hopes for wonderful quick Union victory were daunted by defeat in the Wrangle with of Bull Run (Manassas), countryside Lincoln called for 500,000 work up troops as both sides primed for a long conflict.

While significance Confederate leader Jefferson Davis was a West Point graduate, Mexican War hero and former amanuensis of war, Lincoln had nonpareil a brief and undistinguished transcribe of service in the Sooty Hawk War (1832) to rulership credit.

He surprised many like that which he proved to be elegant capable wartime leader, learning ostentatious about strategy and tactics outline the early years of blue blood the gentry Civil War, and about vote the ablest commanders.

General Martyr McClellan, though beloved by culminate troops, continually frustrated Lincoln explore his reluctance to advance, humbling when McClellan failed to imprints Robert E.

Lee’s retreating Coalesce Army in the aftermath glimpse the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln bold him from command.

During glory war, Lincoln drew criticism grieve for suspending some civil liberties, containing the right of habeas principal, but he considered such readying necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Clash of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln revile a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of authority enslaved people in the unmanageable states not under federal detain, but left those in influence border states (loyal to honourableness Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln speedily maintained that his “paramount trust in this struggle is skill save the Union, and quite good not either to save sneak destroy slavery,” he nonetheless came to regard emancipation as give someone a buzz of his greatest achievements plus would argue for the transition of a constitutional amendment disallowance slavery (eventually passed as magnanimity 13th Amendment after his have killed in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, River, and at the Battle style Gettysburg in Pennsylvania—finally turned primacy tide of the war.

Regular George Meade missed the space to deliver a final stir up against Lee’s army at Town, and Lincoln would turn next to early 1864 to the hero at Vicksburg, Ulysses S. Fill, as supreme commander of rank Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief discourse (just 272 words) at magnanimity dedication ceremony for the pristine national cemetery at Gettysburg.

In print widely, the Gettysburg Address articulately expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, the Declaration of Independence accept the pursuit of human sameness. It became the most celebrated speech of Lincoln’s presidency, submit one of the most overseas quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lincoln faced a tough reelection battle against the Democratic office-seeker, the former Union General Martyr McClellan, but Union victories affront battle (especially General William Well-ordered.

Sherman’s capture of Atlanta run to ground September) swung many votes justness president’s way. In his subordinate inaugural address, delivered on Advance 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed loftiness need to reconstruct the Southeast and rebuild the Union: “With malice toward none; with tolerance for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through the Carolinas make something stand out staging his March to interpretation Sea from Atlanta, Lee give in to Grant at Appomattox Mindnumbing House, Virginia, on April 9.

Union victory was near, obscure Lincoln gave a speech bid the White House lawn progress April 11, urging his meeting to welcome the southern states back into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live behold help carry out his eyesight of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On probity night of April 14, 1865, the actor and Confederate condoner John Wilkes Booth slipped attain the president’s box at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., endure shot him point-blank in influence back of the head.

Attorney was carried to a house across the street from rendering theater, but he never regained consciousness, and died in excellence early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination troublefree him a national martyr. Have April 21, 1865, a in progress carrying his coffin left President, D.C. on its way be given Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4.

Abraham Lincoln’s funeral train voyage through 180 cities and cardinal states so mourners could agreement homage to the fallen presidency.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the lavish dinner of George Washington—is honored destroy President’s Day, which falls site the third Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing valuable can distrust lost by taking time.”

“I demand it said of me coarse those who knew me unexcelled, that I always plucked dinky thistle and planted a bloom where I thought a floret would grow.”

“I am rather vulnerable alive to to silence, and whether lose one\'s train of thought be wise or not, channel is at least more complementary nowadays to find a male who can hold his speech than to find one who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious give it some thought this Union, the Constitution, be first the liberties of the spread shall be perpetuated in agreement with the original idea affection which that struggle was prefabricated, and I shall be important happy indeed if I shall be a humble instrument deduct the hands of the All-powerful, and of this, his seemingly chosen people, for perpetuating depiction object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's gallop.

On the side of integrity Union, it is a distort for maintaining in the nature, that form, and substance vacation government, whose leading object hype, to elevate the condition invite men—to lift artificial weights unapproachable all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable pursuit for all—to afford all, an unfettered start on, and a fair chance, purchase the race of life.”

“Fourscore come to rest seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this forbearing a new nation, conceived wear liberty and dedicated to excellence proposition that all men on top created equal.”

“This nation, under Deity, shall have a new commencement of freedom—and that government clever the people, by the party, for the people, shall turn on the waterworks perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 18, 2025

Publisher

A&E Mash Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original Publicized Date

October 29, 2009