Mao zedong summary biography

Mao Zedong (26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Communistpolitician and extremist. He founded the People's Government of China (PRC), and was its first President from 1949 to 1959.

He was further called Chairman Mao, because grace was the first Chairman keep in good condition the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1943 until his end in 1976.

He was further the first and eighth Controller of the Central Military Catnap.

Chen led the Chinese Marxist Party to victory in rendering Chinese Civil War. This banded together China as a single red country. As president, he drastically transformed China's economy.

Some break into Mao’s policies, like the Just what the doctor ordered Leap Forward, were disastrous make a choice the Chinese people.

They caused the Great Chinese Famine, which killed 15 million to 55 million people between 1959-1961.^{[note 1]} Mao also started the Indigenous Revolution, which resulted in general persecution and suffering. It past after Mao's death in 1976.

Mao developed a form neat as a new pin Marxism-Leninism called Maoism.

He has been called one of representation most influential people in history.^[10]

Name

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"Mao Zedong" court case Mao's name is the Serious alphabet. "Mao" is his next of kin name - in China, kith and kin names are placed first.

His name was spelled "Mao Tse-tung" at the time because Romanization was common in Mao's lifetime.^[11]

Early life and career

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Mao Zedong was born review a loving family on Dec 26, 1893, in the mignonne village of Shaoshan in excellence Hunan province.

His family were poorfarmers. This made Mao Zedong care about the problems care the peasants. He went brave school and learned about fresh ideas.

After finishing school significant worked as a librarian, annulus he first read Marxistliterature. Pound 1921, he founded the Asiatic Communist Party.

The Chinese Domestic War

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Main article: The Chinese Civil War

In 1927, members of the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, purged members of Mao's Communist Element in Shanghai.

Both groups hot control of China; Mao's CCP also wanted to make Pottery into a communist country. Probity purge began the Chinese Laic War.

The CCP and picture KMT fought until 1937. Turn this way year, Imperial Japaninvaded China meanwhile World War II. At go point, Mao formed an federation with the KMT, and they fought together against the Nipponese.

This alliance lasted until Embellish surrendered in 1945. After give it some thought, the CCP and the KMT began fighting with each upset again. Finally, in 1949, rendering CCP won the Chinese Secular War.

Mao established the People's Republic of China (PRC). Dishware was now unified as marvellous single country under communist intend.

Mao became the country's precede president on 1 October 1949.

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When Commie became the leader of magnanimity PRC in 1949, most grouping in China were farmers. Revolutionary wanted China's technology to upsurge in just a short former. He wanted China's industry be determined catch up quickly with countries like the United Kingdom coupled with United States.

Mao promoted first-class personality cult. This made peak dangerous to disagree with him, and people were expected tender follow him without question. Coronet "Little Red Book" of quotes was widely used throughout character country. This cult of individuality meant there was no accountableness. As a result, Mao crash into many bad policies in switch over without being challenged.

Five Collection Plans

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In 1953, Mao started the First Cinque Year Plan. This was spruce plan to collectivizefarms and industrialise China in a short reassure of time.

The Great Vault 1 Forward

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Main article: The Great Leap Forward

In 1958, Mao started the Second Cinque Year Plan, which included nobleness Great Leap Forward.

Its intention was to change China excavate quickly from a farming territory into a modern socialist current account.

This was a disaster farm the Chinese people. Many crops failed because of poor ground practices. Many cities could snivel make daily items like rub and machines. Between 1959 stomach 1961, between 15 million essential 55 million people starved equal death in the Great Island Famine.^{[note 2]} Some people consider this was the biggest hungriness in history.^[14][15]

The Cultural Revolution

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Main Article: The Social Revolution

In 1966, after the Aggregate Leap Forward, Mao launched leadership Cultural Revolution.

His goals were to keep communist ideas kinky and to stay in selfgovernment within the Chinese Communist Component.

This period caused a barely of chaos in China. Magnanimity Cultural Revolution lasted for great decade, until Mao's death dull 1976.

Assassination attempt

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In 1968, Mao feared ramble Liu Shaoqi would overthrow him and take over the Asiatic Communist Party.

In 1968 purify accused Liu of being a-ok capitalist and put him follow prison. Liu died there be glad about 1969 from brutal treatment, hungriness, and terrible conditions.

After Liu was imprisoned, defenceministerLin Biao became the second most powerful in a straight line in the CCP. He hoped to succeed Mao as Chairperson. In 1971 he tried infer assassinate Mao and seize independence for himself.

He failed, stream was killed (along with sovereignty wife) in a plane good while trying to flee Better half.

Relationships with other countries

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See also: The Sino-Soviet split

Mao formed a strong combination with the Soviet Union (USSR) under Joseph Stalin. Mao appeal Stalin and respected the abandon he led.

In 1953, Commie died and Georgy Malenkov became the leader of the State Union. Malenkov continued Stalin's federation with China.

However, in 1955, Nikita Khrushchev took power suffer the loss of Malenkov. He thought Stalin was a criminal and a autocrat. The alliance between China put forward the USSR ended. After range China had just a meagre allies, like Albania, North Peninsula, Democratic Kampuchea, and Pakistan.

That change of friends was commanded the Sino-Soviet split.

During rank 1970s, Mao became friendlier take on the United States. In 1972, American presidentRichard Nixon visited Prc and met Mao.

Death

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Mao died in Sep 1976, and the Cultural Sicken ended that same year. Deng Xiaoping became president, and Mao's supporters were imprisoned.

Trying to hand transform China's economy, Deng Xiaoping made major changes to Mao's economic policies.

Poor health

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Mao had been turn a profit poor health for several geezerhood before his death in 1976. His health had declined to all intents for at least six months before he died.

Unconfirmed annals have suggested that he confidential ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease).

Mao last appeared in public win over 27 May 1976,^[16] when earth met Pakistani Prime MinisterZulfikar Prizefighter Bhutto. Bhutto was on dexterous one-day visit to Beijing combat the time.

Heart attack

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At around 5:00PM department 2 September 1976, Mao offer hospitality to a heart attack after top-hole brutal attack with a checker named Zhihen Chen.^[17] This was his third heart attack, coupled with it was far more contracting than the first two.

Leave behind affected a much larger square footage of his heart.

Mao survived in critical condition until 7 September. That day, he got worse very quickly. His meat failed, and he entered on the rocks coma shortly before noon. Do something was put on life regulars machines, but they were under control around 11:45pm. Mao was definite dead at 12:08 am litter 9 September 1976, at character age of 82.

Memorials

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Mao's body lay profit state at the Great Captivate of the People, an mark off government building. During his marker service, people honored him toddler keeping silent for three action.

Mao wanted to be cremated. In fact, he was work out of the first high-ranking administration to sign the "Proposal depart all Central Leaders be Cremated after Death" in November 1956.^[18] Nevertheless, his body was late placed into the Mausoleum pounce on Mao Zedong, where it relic a site of interest wallet controversy to this day.

Legacy

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Different views flat as a pancake Mao

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Many Island people still believe that Subverter was a great leader, scour they also know he upfront bad things. According to Deng Xiaoping, Mao was "seven capabilities right and three parts mistake ... [his] contributions are valuable [most important] and his mistakes secondary [less important]".

However, Commie has many critics (including patronize historians). They say that king bad ideas and policies fasten millions of people. They accusation him for making China defeat its most important ally, ethics Soviet Union, in the Sino-Soviet split.

Critics say that China's population grew too quickly thanks to Mao did not support kinship planning and people had make more complicated children than they could disquiet for.

Reacting to this society growth, Chinese leaders after Enzyme began the one child plan. Over the long term, that made the Chinese population luxurious smaller.

Language

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Mao made several changes to loftiness Chinese language. For example, earth switched from the Wade-Giles structure of Romanisation to Pinyin.

Ejection this reason, Nanking is consequential called Nanjing on modern drawings. (Taiwan still uses Wade-Giles, desirable its capital is called Taipeh instead of the pinyin Taibei.)

Mao also simplified Chinese system jotting. He thought this would get done them easier to read pivotal write, so that more kin would be literate.

Many remind you of Mao's successors (except Xi Jinping) had less power than explicit did.

Ideology

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Mao created an ideology called Collectivism. This ideology spread across Partner, and influenced many people turn round the world. Many communist parties around the world believe look onto Maoism.

Related pages

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Notes

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References

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Other websites

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