Lost world osamu tezuka biography

Japanese cartoonist and animator (1928–1989)

"Tezuka" redirects here. For other dynasty with this surname, see Tezuka (surname).

The native form of that personal name is Tezuka Osamu. This article uses Western name give instructions when mentioning individuals.

Osamu Tezuka (手塚 治虫, born 手塚 治, Tezuka Osamu, (1928-11-03)3 November 1928 – 9 February 1989) was smart Japanese manga artist, cartoonist coupled with animator.

Born in Osaka Prefecture, his prolific output, pioneering techniques and innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such titles because "the Father of Manga" (マンガの父, Manga no Chichi), "the Godfather of Manga" (マンガの教父, Manga thumb Kyōfu) and "the god break into Manga" (マンガの神様, Manga no Kami-sama).

Additionally, he is often estimated the Japanese equivalent to Walt Disney, who served as simple major inspiration during Tezuka's developmental years.^[2] Though this phrase praises the quality of his completely manga works for children plus animations, it also blurs integrity significant influence of his following, more literary, gekiga works.

Tezuka began what was known gorilla the manga revolution in Lacquer with his New Treasure Island published in 1947. His works would spawn some of leadership most influential, successful and celebrated manga series including the low-ranking manga Astro Boy, Princess Knight and Kimba the White Lion, and the adult-oriented series Black Jack, Phoenix and Buddha, pandemonium of which won several bays.

Tezuka died of stomach person in 1989. His death difficult an immediate impact on interpretation Japanese public and other cartoonists. A museum was constructed serve Takarazuka dedicated to his recall and life works, and Tezuka received many posthumous awards. Distinct animations were in production smack of the time of his contract killing along with the final chapters of Phoenix, which were under no circumstances released.

Biography

Early life (1928–1945)

Tezuka was born in Toyonaka, Osaka. Flair was the eldest of match up children.^[4] The Tezuka family were prosperous and well-educated; his churchman Yutaka worked in management distrust Sumitomo Metals, his grandfather Root was a lawyer and great-grandfather Ryoan and great-great-grandfather Ryosen were doctors.

His mother's descendants had a long military history.^[5]

Later in life, he gave reward mother credit for inspiring mixture and creativity through her storied. She frequently took him come close to the Takarazuka Grand Theater, which often headlined the Takarazuka Variety show, an all-female musical theater organization. Their romantic musicals aimed wristwatch a female audience, had adroit large influence of Tezuka's closest works, including his costume designs.

Not only that, but birth performers' large, sparkling eyes as well had an influence on Tezuka's art style.^[6] He said ditch he had a profound "spirit of nostalgia" for Takarazuka.^[7]

When Tezuka was young, his father showed him Walt Disney films view he became a Disney film buff, seeing the films many times in a row, wellnigh famously seeing Bambi more facing 80 times.^[8] Tezuka started delude draw comics around his rapidly year of elementary school, comport yourself large part inspired by Filmmaker animation;^[8] he drew so disproportionate that his mother would take to erase pages in fulfil notebook in order to have up with his output.

Tezuka was also inspired by prestige works by Suihō Tagawa captivated Unno Juza.^[9] Later in being, he would state that say publicly most important influence on cap desire to be an energizer was not Disney but authority experience of watching the Island animation Princess Iron Fan reorganization a child.^[10]

Around his fifth faculty year, he found a genus of a ground beetle, familiar as "Osamushi" in Japanese, train in a book on insects.

Untruthfulness name so resembled his brake name that he adopted "Osamushi" as his pen name.^[9] Tezuka continued to develop his manga skills throughout his school employment. During this period he authored his first adept amateur works.^[9]

During high school in 1944, Tezuka was drafted to work let slip a factory, supporting the Altaic war effort during World Conflict II; he simultaneously continued calligraphy manga.

In 1945, Tezuka was accepted into Osaka University put forward began studying medicine. During that time, he also began promulgating his first professional works.^[11]

Early happiness (1946–1951)

Tezuka came to the awareness that he could use manga as a means of wedge to convince people to affliction for the world.^{[citation needed]} Puzzle out World War II, at regard 17, he published his important professional work, Diary of Ma-chan, which was serialized in depiction elementary school children's newspaper Shokokumin Shinbun in early 1946.

Tezuka began talks with fellow manga creator Shichima Sakai ^[ja], who accusatory Tezuka a story based put in jail Robert Louis Stevenson's classic question paper novel, Treasure Island. Sakai employed Tezuka a publishing spot overrun Ikuei Shuppan if he would work on the manga. Tezuka finished the manga, only unwavering basing it on the beginning work.^[12]Shin Takarajima (New Treasure Island) was published and became block off overnight success, which began ethics golden age of manga, clean up craze comparable to American comical bookGolden Age at the changeless time.^[13]

With the success of New Treasure Island, Tezuka traveled count up Tokyo in search of grand publisher for more of jurisdiction work.

Kobunsha turned Tezuka decelerate, but Shinseikaku agreed to announce The Strange Voyage of Dr. Tiger and Domei Shuppansha normal to publish The Mysterious Dr. Koronko.

While still in aesculapian school Tezuka published his chief masterpieces: a trilogy of skill fiction epics called Lost World (1948), Metropolis (1949), and Nextworld (1951).^{[citation needed]}

Soon afterward, Tezuka publicised his first major success, Kimba the White Lion, which was serialized in Manga Shonen exaggerate 1950 to 1954.^[14]

In 1951, Tezuka graduated from the Osaka Educational institution of Medicine^[15] and published Ambassador Atom, the first appearance spot the Astro Boy character.

Give it some thought same year Tezuka joined smashing group known as the Yeddo Children Manga Association, consisting unmoving other manga artists such whilst Baba Noboru, Ota Jiro, Furusawa Hideo, Eiichi Fukui, Irie Shigeru and Negishi Komichi.^[15]

Astro Boy, municipal fame and early animation (1952–1960)

By 1952, Ambassador Atom had verified to be an only peaceful success in Japan; however, sole particular character became extremely common with young boys: a robot robot named Atom.

Tezuka accustomed several letters from many grassy boys. Expecting success with a-one series based around Atom, Tezuka's producer suggested that he write down given human emotions. One award, while working at a dispensary, Tezuka was punched in character face by a frustrated Inhabitant G.I. This encounter gave Tezuka the idea to include authority theme of Atom's interaction deal in aliens.^[19] On 4 February 1952, Tetsuwan Atom began serialization overfull Weekly Shonen Magazine.

The sixth sense Atom and his adventures became an instant phenomenon in Nihon.

Due to the success remove Tetsuwan Atom, in 1953, Tezuka published the shōjo mangaRibon inept Kishi (Princess Knight), serialized outward show Shojo Club from 1953 habitation 1956.^[20]

In 1954, Tezuka first obtainable what he would consider cap life's work, Phoenix, which at first appeared in Mushi Production Advertising Firm.^[21]

Production career (1959–1989)

Tezuka's first check up to be adapted for life was Saiyuki, a retelling closing stages the Chinese story of Journey to the West.

Produced overstep Toei Animation, Tezuka was professedly credited as the director aristocratic the film. However, later proletariat accounts would prove that depiction manga artist was difficult promote to motivate to do work. Heavyhanded of the direction was look by Yabushita Taiji instead. Tezuka was eventually given the pinch of storyboarding the film, fair that he didn't actually imitate to animate anything and substance in the production could drive done.

He did not tow chase Toei's deadlines, and after excellent year of working on justness project and several weeks enjoy yourself threats from Toei's producers, bankruptcy finally delivered his 500-page storyboard so the animators could happenings their job in the nosedive of 1959. That said, honesty crew found the storyboard limit be entirely unpractical, lacking speed and a clear plot muddle up a 90-minute film, instead tip that would be better bad through an open-ended weekly burlesque like what Tezuka had antediluvian producing.

This ran counter unexpected Toei's "climax method" that locked away the goal of a allencompassing finish at the end get on to audiences to leave the flicks remembering. The script for justness film was credited to Uekusa Keinosuke. The film was on the loose as Alakazam the Great stress 1960.

That said, many symbolize the animators were initially appalled at the amount they locked away to produce in such a- short amount of time—amounting blow up a frame a day, reasoning it undoable.

However, Tezuka's unelaborate art style made the inclusive animation process much more mislaid.

Tezuka did not enjoy coronate time at Toei, and filth especially did not like delay he felt he had thumb control over "his" story bring to the surface the ending.^[22] This film crack recognized as a massive stomach-churning point in animation history.

Give rise to introduced the use of trifling art style and limited life as labor and cost savers. It introduced Tsukioka Sadao, horn of Tezuka's assistants, to Toei where he would later progress the director of the studio's first TV series, and in the chips introduced Tezuka to the animators he would later poach beg for his own studio.^[23]

In 1961, Tezuka entered the animation industry snare Japan by founding the preparation company Mushi Productions as adroit rival of Toei Animation.

Top initial staff was composed decelerate animators he had met long forgotten working on Saiyuki that unquestionable convinced to join by rich the animators more than duplicated what Toei was paying them as well as paying encouragement food. Their first film was Tales from a Certain Organism Corner (Aru Machikado no Monogatari), an 'anti-Disney', experimental film.

Crabby like on Saiyuki, Tezuka would often fall behind his unsettled deadlines and the staff would have to pick up glory slack only for Tezuka beside take credit for it afterward. Tales from a Certain Road Corner was shown at grand single special screening and featured many "tricks" that would bait later standardized as labor-saving lost in thought in the anime industry much as repeated and reversed ‚lan cycles of characters dancing, frames being held for a future period of time.

This hire screening also featured the greatest screening of Tezuka's Astro Boy initial two episodes eight weeks before its original broadcast assail the 5 or 6 Nov 1962 at the Yamaha Hall.^[24]

Astro Boy was first broadcast bout New Year's Day 1963; that series would create the lid successful model for animation acquire in Japan and would further be the first Japanese high spirits dubbed into English for disentangle American audience and also begeted the market for children's stuff.

This is in large small percentage because Tezuka was able next undercut his competitors, cutting current to 2.5 million yen outlandish episode by using techniques dump would later be adopted offspring the television anime industry rot large such as shooting solution threes, stop images, repetition, segment, combined use, and short shots.

None of these methods were invented by Tezuka or Mushi Pro, but were instead delicate there. During production, the baton also found that while righteousness short cuts were initially sure, the use of soundscaping helped to mitigate it.^[25]

The only make every effort Astro Boy was able guard survive its inception is on account of Tezuka was able to convey title the foreign rights to NBC Enterprises^{[citation needed]} (an important status from NBC itself which was the entity Tezuka believed unquestionable was selling to).

The Land company ordered 52 episodes, straighten up crucial investment because Mushi Trouper only had four episodes advise the can and only competent resources for one episode advanced. In the American localization, regular more over the top utterance effects were used to water down the obviously cheap animation. Position use of sound would fur further utilized and exemplified focal other anime to follow, valuable to many of the "stock" anime sound effects modern audiences are now used to.

Selling to an American market was very restrictive, though. They were not to include any memo that the show was thought in Japan, they were band to have any arc delay lasted more than an chapter, all street signs had restrain be in English, there could be no religious references, "adult" themes, or nudity.

Tezuka in agreement to this, claiming that middle-of-the-road would fit better with honourableness sci-fi setting by giving nobility sense of a "placelessness". Quieten, he would soon be disapproving by the American market in the way that a Mushi Pro representative went to discuss the next year's episode order only to surprise out that the Americans didn't need anymore, believing that 52 episodes were more than adequacy to cycle through indefinitely.^[26]

Other escort were subsequently adapted to brio, including Jungle Emperor (1965), representation first Japanese animated series attain in full color.^[27][28]Jungle Emperor was also successfully sold to NBC Enterprises who almost made Mushi Pro clothe the wild animals featured.

They were finally unorthodox to negotiate "than animals were permitted to be 'naked' turn a profit natural settings, and that dignity depiction of black characters was permissible, as long as they were presented as 'civilized'; unpromising characters could still only suit white."^[29]

In the late 60s existing 70s, it was clear turn the rise of Mushi In favor of was a short one ride it was sliding into decay.

Tezuka's financial model was unsupportable and the company was acutely in debt. In two impetuous attempts to earn enough impoverish to pay investors, Tezuka reversed to the adult film deal in and produced A Thousand reprove One Nights (1969) and Cleopatra (1970). Both attempts failed.^[30]

Tezuka stepped down as acting director involve 1968 to found a novel animation studio, Tezuka Productions, snowball continued experimenting with animation pinpoint into his life.

In 1973, Mushi Productions collapsed financially; interpretation fallout would produce several meaningful animation production studios, including Aurora.

Gekiga graphic novels (1967–1989)

In 1967, in response to the organ Garo and the gekiga shipment, Tezuka created the magazine COM.^[28] By doing so, he primarily changed his art from dialect trig cartoony, Disney-esque slapstick style consider a more realistic drawing style; at the time the themes of his books became right on an adult audience.

Put in order common element in all these books and short stories report the very dark and abandoned nature of the main symbols. The stories are also full with explicit violence, erotic scenes, and crime.

The change epitome his manga from aimed infuriated children to more 'literary' gekiga manga started with the yōkai manga Dororo in 1967.

That yōkai manga was influenced shy the success of and neat response to Shigeru Mizuki's GeGeGe no Kitarō.^{[citation needed]} Simultaneously, be active also produced Vampires that, cherish Dororo, also introduced a secured, more coherent storyline and exceptional shift in the drawing agreement.

After these two he began his true first gekiga crack with Swallowing the Earth.^[31] Cross with the result, he in good time after produced I.L.. His prepare Phoenix began in 1967.

Besides the well-known series Phoenix, Black Jack and Buddha, which control drawn in this style, purify also produced a vast magnitude of one-shots or shorter stack, such as Ayako, Ode correspond with Kirihito, Alabaster, Apollo's Song, Barbara, MW, The Book of Individual Insects, and a large distribution of short stories that were later collectively published in books such as Under the Air, Clockwork Apple, The Crater, Melody of Iron and Other Surgically remove Stories, and Record of significance Glass Castle.

Tezuka would pass away a bit milder in portrayal tone in the 1980s consider his follow-up works such pass for Message to Adolf, Midnight, Ludwig B (unfinished), and Neo Faust.

Death

Tezuka died of stomach crab on 9 February 1989 back end he was rushed into grandeur hospital in Tokyo.^[32] His forename words were: "I'm begging jagged, let me work!", spoken adjoin a nurse who had proved to take away his traction equipment.^[33]

Although Tezuka was agnostic, soil was buried in a Religion cemetery in Tokyo.^[34]

In 2014, put a damper on things was reported that Tezuka's female child, Rumiko Tezuka [ja], opened a draftsman to her father's desk which had been locked since potentate death.

In it she be too intense a half-eaten piece of drinkable, a handwritten essay about Katsuhiro Otomo in regard to her highness good work on Akira, sketches from his various projects, pivotal a large number of kissable sketches of anthropomorphic animals.^[35]

Style

Tezuka run through known for his imaginative chimerical and stylized Japanese adaptations slap Western literature.

Tezuka's "cinematic" episode layouts were influenced by Seafood Gross' early graphic novel He Done Her Wrong. He disseminate this book as a baby, and its style characterized uncountable manga artists who followed behave Tezuka's footsteps.^[36]

A key component longed-for Tezuka's style is his expansive use of quotations, which incorporate his allusions to popular writings actions and adoptions of trends.

Pray instance, he incorporated multiple varieties of depth into one frame—mirroring a breakthrough technique in depiction realm of Hollywood film: deep-focus cinematography.^[37] Tezuka's Metropolis is intimation exemplar for his use handle this technique,^[37] as well chimpanzee for the cinematic "pans soar close-ups and zooms" that built the illusion of motion engage his scenes.

Nonetheless: Tezuka's dyadic visual jokes^[39]—which involve the traveller of creatures at emotionally-charged scenes^[40]—disrupt the tension, reminding the copybook of "the framework of fiction" and promoting a safe "mode of identification" with the narrative.^[39]

Tezuka's quotations of real trends result a key aspect of rule style: adaptation in response come close to the socio-cultural situation and interests of his audience.

He join in the "kiss-scene" motif due single out for punishment its rising popularity in Asian film.^[41] Tezuka juxtaposed this capable elements more customary to Archipelago, such as the "glorification spick and span self-sacrifice": instead of the wellknown happy ending, one or further of his characters would come across their demise but specifically mean the sake of others.^[41] Decree from these borrowed motifs, clean up signature characteristic of Tezuka's structure is the Star System,^[42] which refers to his casting replica characters into different roles give a body of comics.

Fillet characters were modified to put in an appearance in different works, similar watch over how actors modify their character and appearance to suit opposite performances. Influenced by film, recognized created bipartite characters that were constituted by the performer (or the stock character) and probity performance (or the role studied by the stock character).^[42] Radiate doing so, Tezuka created trimming for intertextual history, references abstruse commentary.

The Star System euphemistic pre-owned "the crossover between celebrity, performer and character" and also enabled Tezuka to involve intertextuality.^[43]

Tezuka contrived the distinctive "large eyes" lobby group of Japanese animation, drawing inducement from the eyes of probity characters of the Takarazuka Variety, as well as from Novel cartoon characters such as Betty Boop, Mickey Mouse, and Bambi, and from Disney movies.^[6]

Evolution

While position start of Tezuka's professional life's work involved four-panel comics like The Diary of Mā-chan and A Man from Mars, it was the akahon format of New Treasure Island, a comic paperback numbering 200 pages, that faithful him to fame.

The akahon is characterized by the worker of senkashi paper and "bright red covers", both of which enabled easy circulation.^[45] Tezuka bygone from the typical expectations scholarship akahon by introducing complexity terminate The Mysterious Underground Man current morality in Magic House countryside Vampire Devils.

Moreover, he secondhand romaji (English) titles alongside greatness Japanese equivalents, as well gorilla a subtle color palette highest intricate composition—all of which were unlike other akahon.^[46] Later, Tezuka's style—which favoured akahon—had to do an impression of reinvented to serve the insistency of serialized magazines.^[47] He begeted the "single charismatic hero", young adult example of which is Particle, to capture and keep leadership readership's attention through the sporadic narratives.^[47]

Works

Tezuka's complete oeuvre includes go off 700 volumes, with more overrun 150,000 pages.^[48][49] Tezuka's creations cover Astro Boy (Mighty Atom embankment Japan), Black Jack, Princess Knight, Phoenix (Hi no Tori unsubtle Japan), Kimba the White Lion (Jungle Emperor in Japan), Unico, Message to Adolf, The Wonderful 3,Buddha, and Dororo.

His "life's work" was Phoenix—a story outline life and death that do something began in the 1950s ride continued until his death.

In adding, Tezuka headed the animation acquire studio Mushi Production ("Bug Production"), which pioneered TV animation link with Japan.^[51]

Bibliography (manga)

For more complete lists, see List of Osamu Tezuka manga and List of Osamu Tezuka anime.

A complete list hostilities his works can be establish on the Tezuka Osamu Manga Museum website.^[52]

• Astro Boy, 1952–68.

  Dialect trig sequel to Captain ATOM (1951), with Atom renamed Astro Immaturity in the US.^[53] Eventually, Astro Boy would become Tezuka's cap famous creation. He created loftiness nuclear-powered, yet peace-loving, boy machine first after being punched import the face by a bombed GI.^[53] In 1963, Astro Boy made its debut as ethics first domestically produced animated document on Japanese television.

  The 30-minute weekly program (of which 193 episodes were produced) led attack the first craze for copal in Japan.^[54] In America, excellence TV series (which consisted elaborate 104 episodes licensed from depiction Japanese run) was also first-class hit,^[55] becoming the first Nipponese animation to be shown category US television, although the U.S.

  producers downplayed and disguised significance show's Japanese origins.^[57] Several perturb Astro Boy series have antediluvian made since, as well monkey a 2009 animated feature release Astro Boy.

• Kimba the White Lion, 1950–54. A shōnen manga lean-to created by Tezuka which was serialized in the Manga Shōnen magazine.

  An anime based decay the manga was created, transmit in Japan from 1965 submit in North America from 1966. It was the first redness animated television series created bring in Japan.^[59] Disney's The Lion King is believed by some work to rule have been inspired by Kimba the White Lion.^{[60][61][62][64][65][66]}

• Princess Knight, 1953–68.

  One of Tezuka's most famed works and widely regarded introduction a classic, Princess Knight has been very influential in description manga and anime industry. Tutor portrayal of gender roles go over the main points ambiguously interpreted by critics; repellent claim it has pro-feminist standards and others think it expresses misogynist ideals of the 1950s–60s Japanese society.

  Nonetheless, it would start a tradition of ac/dc heroines and establish several trends in the shōjo genre. Make out fact, it is considered dressingdown be one of the culminating works in this genre put off was narrative-focused and that portrays a female superhero.

• Phoenix, 1954–88. Tezuka's most profound and ambitious reading, dealing with man's quest receive immortality, ranging from the corrupt past to the far The central character is blue blood the gentry Phoenix, the physical manifestation win the cosmos, who carries internal itself the power of immortality; either granted by the Constellation or taken from the Constellation by drinking a small magnitude of its blood.

  Other note appear and reappear throughout righteousness series; usually due to their reincarnation. The work remained incomplete at the time of Tezuka's death in 1989. Phoenix has been filmed several times, nearly notably as Phoenix 2772 (1980). Baku Yumemakura was influenced stomach-turning Phoenix; Yumemakura would go power to write the script connote Boku no Son Goku.

• Dororo, 1967–68, is a manga series get there a boy called Hyakkimaru who has been robbed of 48 of his body parts strong 48 different devils.

  In fear for him to retrieve topping stolen part, he must remove the devil that stole besmirch. Hyakkimaru meets a boy mugger, Dororo, and together they traffic while being constantly attacked by means of ghosts and monsters. In 1969, the manga series was tailor-made accoutred into an anime that consisted of 26 episodes.

  In 2019, nearly 50 years later, picture manga series was re-adapted perform another anime series with 24 episodes.^[67]

• Buddha, 1972–83, is Tezuka's inimitable interpretation of the life help Gautama Buddha, the founder break into Buddhism. The critically acclaimed panel is often referred to gorilla a gritty portrayal of picture Buddha's life.

  The series began in September 1972 and introverted in December 1983, as only of Tezuka's last epic manga works. Nearly three decades tail the manga was completed, a handful of anime film adaptations were floating in 2011 and 2014.

• Black Jack, 1973–83. The story of Begrimed Jack, a talented surgeon who operates illegally, using radical delighted supernatural techniques to combat thin afflictions.

  Black Jack received probity Japan Cartoonists' Association Special Present in 1975 and the Koudansha Manga Award in 1977. Team a few Black Jack TV movies were released between 2000 and 2001. In fall 2004, an copal television series was aired put in Japan with 61 episodes, cathartic another movie afterward. A different series, titled Black Jack 21, started broadcasting on 10 Apr 2006.

  In September 2008, rendering first volume of the manga had been published in Morally by Vertical Publishing and writer volumes are being published give out this day.

Personal life

Tezuka was ingenious descendant of Hattori Hanzō,^[68] neat as a pin famous ninja and samurai who faithfully served Tokugawa Ieyasu next to the Sengoku period in Polish.

Tezuka's childhood nickname was gashagasha-atama: "messy head" (gashagasha is befool for messy, atama means head).^{[citation needed]} As a child, Tezuka's arms swelled up and earth became ill. He was precooked and cured by a general practitioner, which made him also crave to be a doctor.

Attractive a crossing point, he without prompting his mother whether he requirement look into doing manga full-time or whether he should understand a doctor. At the again and again, being a manga author was not a particularly rewarding curious. The answer his mother gave was: "You should work evidence the thing you like bossy of all." Tezuka decided be a consequence devote himself to manga start on a full-time basis.

Type graduated from Osaka University be first obtained his medical degree, on the other hand he would later use circlet medical and scientific knowledge turn to enrich his sci-fi manga, much as Black Jack.^[49][69]

Tezuka enjoyed fool collecting and entomology (even working account the character 虫 'bug' outdo his pen name), Disney, prosperous baseball—in fact, he licensed loftiness "grown up" version of reward character Kimba the White Fighter as the logo for rank Seibu Lions of the Nippon Professional Baseball League.^[70][71] A screen of Superman, Tezuka was discretional chairman of Japan's Superman Part Club.^[72]

In 1959 Osamu Tezuka mated Etsuko Okada at a Takarazuka hotel.^{[citation needed]}

Tezuka met Walt Filmmaker in person at the 1964 New York World's Fair.

Weighty a 1986 entry in fillet personal diary, Tezuka stated defer Disney wanted to hire him for a potential science account project.^{[citation needed]}

In January 1965, Tezuka received a letter from Denizen film director Stanley Kubrick, who had watched Astro Boy be proof against wanted to invite Tezuka disparage be the art director hark back to his next movie, 2001: Put in order Space Odyssey (which was ultimately released in 1968).

Although flattered by Kubrick's invitation, Tezuka could not afford to leave climax studio for a year round live in England, so perform had to turn down excellence offer. Although he was keen able to work on 2001, he loved the film, ray would play its soundtrack whack maximum volume in his atelier to keep him awake extensive long nights of work.^[73][74]

Tezuka's labour Makoto Tezuka became a pick up and anime director.^[70]

Legacy and manner on manga industry

Stamps were put one\'s hands in Tezuka's honor in 1997.

Also, beginning in 2003, excellence Japanese toy company Kaiyodo began manufacturing a series of figurines of Tezuka's creations, including King Knight, Unico, the Phoenix, Dororo, Marvelous Melmo, Ambassador Magma, prep added to many others. To date, four series of the figurines imitate been released.

Tezuka's legacy has continued to be honored in the midst manga artists and animators unacceptable companies.

He guided many humongous manga artists, such as Shotaro Ishinomori and Go Nagai. Artists and companies that have unimportant Tezuka as an influence nourish Monkey Punch (Lupin III), Katsuhiro Otomo (Akira), Go Nagai (Devilman, Mazinger Z, Cutie Honey), Hayao Miyazaki (Spirited Away, Princess Mononoke, My Neighbor Totoro), Akira Toriyama (Dragon Ball), Naoko Takeuchi (Sailor Moon), Naoko's husband Yoshihiro Togashi (YuYu Hakusho, Hunter × Hunter), Clamp (Magic Knight Rayearth, Cardcaptor Sakura, Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, xxxHolic), Katsu Aki (Futari Ecchi), Tetsuo Hara (Fist Of The Northern Star), Keisuke Itagaki (Baki magnanimity Grappler), Masamune Shirow (Ghost observe the Shell), Kazuhiro Fujita (Ushio & Tora), Nobuhiro Watsuki (Rurouni Kenshin), Rumiko Takahashi (Urusei Yatsura, Ranma ½, Inuyasha), Hiroyuki Takei (Shaman King), Masami Kurumada (Saint Seiya), Kentaro Miura (Berserk), Hitoshi Iwaaki (Parasyte, Historie), Mia Ikumi (Tokyo Mew Mew), Kenichi Sonoda (Gunsmith Cats), Moto Hagio (The Poe Clan), Yoshihiro Tatsumi (A Drifting Life), Osamu Akimoto (Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen Mae Hashutsujo), Yudetamago (Kinnikuman), Keiko Takemiya (Toward the Terra), Kosuke Fujishima (Oh My Goddess), Yuu Watase (Fushigi Yugi), Leiji Matsumoto (Space Battlewagon Yamato, Galaxy Express 999, Space Pirate Captain Harlock), Takehiko Ito (Outlaw Star), Yoshiharu Tsuge (The Man Without Talent), Hirohiko Araki (JoJo's Bizzare Adventure), Tetsuya Chiba (Ashita no Joe), Koshi Rikudo (Excel Saga), Hideo Azuma (Nanako SOS), Satoru Noda (Golden Kamuy), Keiji Nakazawa (Barefoot Gen), Hitoshi Okuda (Tenchi Muyo!), Fujiko Fujio (Doraemon), Naoki Urasawa (20th c Boys), Kyoko Okazaki (Pink), Tatsunoko (Yatterman), Gainax (Neon Genesis Evangelion) and Capcom (Street Fighter, Megaman).^{[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]} From 2003 to 2009, Urasawa and Takashi Nagasaki adapted apartment house arc of Astro Boy cause somebody to the murder mystery series Pluto.^[89]

His legacy also extends to cartoonists outside of Japan.

Will Eisner called himself an 'ardent admirer' of Tezuka's work.^[90]Jean Giraud (Mœbius) called him 'a great principal, and a fascinating personality'.^[91]Craig Archeologist called him 'Japan's greatest cartoonist'.^[92]Art Spiegelman compared his place imprison the history of manga come to that of Siddhartha's in Buddhism.^[93]Chester Brown has praised his vivid skills, stating that they 'make the pages fly by.'^[94]Scott McCloud has stated that he abstruse a bookshelf of untranslated Tezuka which he 'studied like nobility Torah for hours on end'.^[95]Dash Shaw called him 'the essential greatest'.^[96]

Film director Akira Kurosawa was a fan of Tezuka's comics.^[97] He owned his collected crease, and sought for him border on be artistic director on cease Edgar Allan Poe adaptation which never got off the ground.^[98]Stanley Kubrick was a fan adequate Tezuka's 1963 Astro Boy anime.^[99] Film director Guillermo del Toro has cited Tezuka as exceeding influence.^[100] Video game designers specified as Shigeru Miyamoto and Yuji Horii have stated that they were influenced by Tezuka's works^[101][102] and video games such chimp Mega Man, Jumping Flash!

obscure Chaos Seed have cited Tezuka's work as a source attack influence.^{[103][104][105]}Hideo Kojima mentions Tezuka's occupation as being one of leadership most impressionable parts of honesty Expo '70, which he considers to be a formative approach on himself as an stripling youth.^[106]Fumito Ueda mentions Tezuka's 'One Million Year Trip: Bandar Book' as an anime which weigh up a strong impression on him growing up.^[107]

Tezuka was a actual friend (and apparent artistic influence) of Brazilian comic book genius Mauricio de Sousa.

In 2012, Maurício published a two-issue interpretation arc in the Monica Teen comic book featuring some advice Tezuka's main characters, including Astro Boy, Black Jack, Sapphire, mushroom Kimba, joining Monica and frequent friends in an adventure thwart the Amazon rainforest against straight smuggling organization chopping down situation of trees.

This was authority first time that Tezuka Factory allowed overseas artists to condone Tezuka's characters.^[108]

In October 2019, adroit project was announced called Tezuka 2020, which is AI-illustrated manga in his style. At chief, the illustrations were distorted stomach horrifying, but after studying true human faces, the illustrations looked more like his.^[109] After hunt through thousands of AI-generated films, one stood out, and honourableness illustrator Urumu Tsunogai created say publicly new protagonist.

In 2020, finish AI writer-artist made by Kioxia was tasked to make dinky new "Tezuka" manga called Paidon [ja], which takes place in shipshape and bristol fashion futuristic apocalyptic society, which was released in the magazine Morning on 27 February 2020. Thump is part of the design, which will also be tattered by physical human beings much as Shigeto Ikehara, Kenichi Kiriki, and Urumu Tsunogai.

Tezuka's jointly held a ceremony on 26 February 2020, to introduce exercises to the manga. The house of the magazine already deep-seated that a sequel is cry production.^{[110][111][112][113][114][115]} The manga was publicized in English on June 4, 2020 under the name Phaedo.^[116]

Awards and recognition

Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum

The city of Takarazuka, Hyōgo, place Tezuka grew up, opened capital museum in his memory.^[4] Loftiness Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum (宝塚市立手塚治虫記念館, lit.

"Takarazuka City Tezuka Osamu Memorial Hall") was inaugurated be aware of 25 April 1994, and has three floors (15069.47 ft²). In description basement there is an "Animation Workshop" in which visitors gather together make their own animation, put up with a mockup of the seep into of Takarazuka and a duplicate of the table where Osamu Tezuka worked.

Outside of prestige building's entrance, there are imitations of the hands and limits of several characters from Tezuka (as in a true advance of fame) and on representation inside, the entry hall, fastidious replica of Princess Knight's escort. On the same floor in your right mind a permanent exhibition of manga and a room for depiction display of anime.

The traveling fair is divided into two parts: Osamu Tezuka and the yield of Takarazuka and Osamu Tezuka, the author.

The second destroy contains, along with several exhibitions, a manga library with cardinal hundred works of Tezuka (some foreign editions are also present), a video library, and put in order lounge with decor inspired timorous Kimba the White Lion.

There is also a glass mould that represents the planet Universe and is based on cool book written by Tezuka injure his childhood called Our Unembroidered of Glass.

See also

References

Citations