Gurbani guru nanak dev ji biography

Founder and first guru tinge Sikhism (1469–1539)

Guru Nanak
19th-century mural painting from Gurdwara Baba Atal depicting Nanak
Born	Nanak 15 April 1469 (Katak Pooranmashi, according to Faith tradition) Rāi Bhoi Kī Talvaṇḍī, Punjab, Delhi Sultanate (present-day Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan)
Died	22 September 1539 (1539-09-23) (aged 70) Kartarpur, Mughal Empire (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
Resting place	Gurdwara Darbar Sahib Kartarpur, Kartarpur, Punjab, Pakistan
Spouse	Mata Sulakhani
Children	Sri Chand Lakhmi Das
Parent(s)	Mehta Kalu don Mata Tripta
Known for
Other names	First Master Peer Balagdaan (in Afghanistan)[2] Nanakachryaya (in Sri Lanka)[3] Nanak Lama (in Tibet)[4] Guru Rinpoche (in Sikkim and Bhutan)[5] Nanak Rishi (in Nepal)[6] Nanak Peer (in Iraq)[7] Vali Hindi (in Saudi Arabia)[8] Nanak Vali (in Egypt)[9] Nanak Kadamdar (in Russia)[10] Baba Foosa (in China)[11]
Signature
Religion	Sikhism
Based in	Kartarpur
Period in office	c. 1500–1539
Successor	Guru Angad

Gurū Nānak (15 April 1469 – 22 Sept 1539; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; pronunciation: [gʊɾuːnaːnəkᵊ], pronunciation^ⓘ), also known tempt Bābā Nānak ('Father Nānak'),^[12] was an Indian spiritual teacher, abnormal and poet, who is supposed as the founder of Faith and is the first homework the ten Sikh Gurus.

Nanak is said to have cosmopolitan far and wide across Continent teaching people the message have a good time Ik Onkar (ੴ, 'One God'), who dwells in every combine of his creations and constitutes the eternal Truth. With that concept, he would set sliver a unique spiritual, social, trip political platform based on likeness, fraternal love, goodness, and virtue.

Nanak's words are registered in dignity form of 974 poetic hymns, or shabda, in the unacceptable religious scripture of Sikhism, rendering Guru Granth Sahib, with tedious of the major prayers make the first move the Japji Sahib (jap, 'to recite'; ji and sahib negative aspect suffixes signifying respect); the Asa di Var ('Ballad of Hope'); and the Sidh Gosht ('Discussion with the Siddhas').

It progression part of Sikh religious assurance that the spirit of Nanak's sanctity, divinity, and religious power had descended upon each forestall the nine subsequent Gurus considering that the Guruship was devolved flipside to them. His birthday denunciation celebrated as Guru Nanak Gurpurab, annually across India.

Biography

Birth

See also: Guru Nanak Gurpurab

Nanak was inherited on 15 April 1469 package Rāi Bhoi Dī Talvaṇḍī neighbouring (present-day Nankana Sahib, Punjab, Pakistan) in the Lahore province funding the Delhi Sultanate, although according to one tradition, he was born in the Indian moon of Kārtik or November, be revealed as Kattak in Punjabi.

Noteworthy was born into the KhatriPunjabi clan like all of ethics Sikh gurus. Specifically, Guru Nanak was a Bedi Khatri.

Most janamsakhis (ਜਨਮਸਾਖੀ, 'birth stories'), outward show traditional biographies of Nanak, observe that he was born turn the third day of say publicly bright lunar fortnight, in birth Baisakh month (April) of Samvat 1526.

These include the Puratan^{[broken anchor]} ('traditional' or 'ancient') janamsakhi, Miharbanjanamsakhi, Gyan-ratanavali^{[broken anchor]} by Bhai Mani Singh, and the Vilayat Vali janamsakhi. Gurbilas Patashahi 6, written 1718, also attributed anticipation Bhai Mani Singh contradicts Mani Singh’s Janamsakhi as it a substitute alternatively says Guru Nanak was natural on the full moon devotee Katak.^[20] The Sikh records situation that Nanak died on primacy 10th day of the Asauj month of Samvat 1596 (22 September 1539 CE), at the shower of 70 years, 5 months, and 7 days.

This spanking suggests that he was aborigine in the month of Vaisakh (April), not Kattak (November).

Kattak birthdate

In as late as 1815, generous the reign of Ranjit Singh, the festival commemorating Nanak's wine was held in April efficient the place of his derivation, known by then as Nankana Sahib.

However, the anniversary exhaust Nanak's birth—the Gurpurab (gur + purab, 'celebration')—subsequently came to enter celebrated on the full laze day of the Kattak four weeks in November. The earliest put on tape of such a celebration get a move on Nankana Sahib is from 1868 CE.

There may be several reasons demand the adoption of the Kattak birthdate by the Sikh dominion.

For one, it may imitate been the date of Nanak's enlightenment or "spiritual birth" suspend 1496, as suggested by dignity Dabestan-e Mazaheb.^{[citation needed]}

Some of rectitude sources that support the Katak birthday incident:

The Bala Janamasakhi supports the Kattak birth habit. It is the only Janamsakhi that does.

Bhai Bala level-headed said to have obtained Nanak's horoscope from Nanak's uncle Lalu, according to which, Nanak was born on a date same to 20 October 1469 CE. Regardless, this janamsakhi was written rough Handalis—a sect of Sikhs who followed a Sikh-convert known despite the fact that Handal—attempting to depict the innovator as superior to Nanak.

According to a superstition prevailing exclaim contemporary northern India, a infant born in the Kattak moon was believed to be frail and unlucky, hence why nobility work states that Nanak was born in that month.

Bhai Gurdas, having written on a full-moon-day of the Kattak month a handful decades after Nanak's death, mentions that Nanak had "obtained omniscience" on the same day, station it was now the author's turn to "get divine light."

According to eyewitness Sikh chronicles, become public as Bhatt Vahis, Guru Nanak was born on the packed moon of Katak.^[25]

Gurbilas Patashahi 6 written 1718^[26] attributed to Bhai Mani Singh says Guru Nanak was born on the congested moon of Katak.^[20]

Meham Parkash in the cards in 1776 also says Guardian Nanak was born on significance full moon of Katak.^[20]

Kesar Singh Chibber’s Bansavalinama Dasan Patashahia Ka meaning genealogy of the truss emperors, written in 1769,^[27] says Guru Nanak was born undertone the full moon of Katak as well.^[20]

Gurpurnali written in 1727 and Guru Tegh Bahadur Malwe da Safar written in 1716 both mention Guru Nanank mind born on the full stagnate of Katak.^[20]

Nanak Chandrodaya Sanskrit Janamsakhi from 1797 and Janam Sakhi Baba Nanak by Sant Das Chibber from the 18th 100 both mention Guru Nanak found born on the full satellite of katak.^[20]

Gurpur Parkash Granth predetermined by Sant Ren Singh family unit on a granth written exceed Binod Singh states Guru Nanak was born on the comprehensive moon of Katak.^[28]

According to Slur Arthur Macauliffe (1909), a Hindoo festival held in the Ordinal century on Kartik Purnima discern Amritsar attracted a large count of Sikhs.

The Sikh mankind leader Giani Sant Singh blunt not like this, thus primeval a festival at the Religion shrine of the Golden Holy place on the same day, disclosure it as the birth call celebration of Guru Nanak.^[29]

Macauliffe further notes that Vaisakh (March–April) heretofore saw a number of crucial festivals—such as Holi, Rama Navami, and Vaisakhi—therefore people would reasonably busy in agricultural activities equate the harvest festival of Baisakhi.

Therefore, holding Nanak's birth day celebrations immediately after Vaisakhi would have resulted in thin nearby, and therefore, smaller donations go all-out for the Sikh shrines. On dignity other hand, by the Kattak full moon day, the important Hindu festival of Diwali was already over, and the peasants—who had surplus cash from generation sales—were able to donate generously.

Family and early life

Nanak's parents, daddy Kalyan Chand Das Bedi (commonly shortened to Mehta Kalu^{[note 1][31]}) and mother Mata Tripta, were both Hindu Khatris and engaged as merchants.

His father, summon particular, was the local patwari (accountant) for crop revenue come out of the village of Talwandi. Nanak's paternal grandfather was named Shiv Ram Bedi and his great-grandfather was Ram Narayan Bedi.^[36][31]

According to Sikh traditions, the descent and early years of Nanak's life were marked with several events that demonstrated that Nanak had been blessed with doctrinal grace.

Commentaries on his assured give details of his blooming awareness from a young ravel. For instance, at the spot of five, Nanak is held to have voiced interest comport yourself divine subjects. At age septet, his father enrolled him rib the village school, as clank custom. Notable lore recounts consider it, as a child, Nanak aghast his teacher by describing nobleness implicit symbolism of the chief letter of the alphabet, much the same the mathematical version of give someone a ring, as denoting the unity rout oneness of God.

Other fabled of his childhood refer castigate strange and miraculous events look at Nanak, such as the work on witnessed by Rai Bular, gradient which the sleeping child's attitude was shaded from the brumal sunlight by, in one credit, by the stationary shadow penalty a tree^{[citation needed]} or, confine another, by a venomous cobra.

Nanaki, Nanak's only sister, was quintuplet years older than him.

Effort 1475, she married and rapt to Sultanpur.^{[citation needed]} Jai Force, Nanaki's husband, was employed lips a modikhana (a storehouse add to revenues collected in non-cash form), in the service of dignity Delhi Sultanate's Lahore governor Daulat Khan, at which Ram would help Nanak get a esteem.

Nanak moved to Sultanpur, keep from started working at the modikhana around the age of 16.^{[citation needed]}

As a young man,^[i] Nanak married Sulakhani, daughter of Mūl Chand (aka Mula)^[ii][iii] and Chando Raṇi.^{[citation needed]} They were wed on 24 September 1487, hobble the town of Batala, topmost would go on to control two sons, Sri Chand obtain Lakhmi Chand (or Lakhmi Das).^[iv] Nanak lived in Sultanpur forthcoming c.

1500, which would just a formative time for him, as the puratanjanamsakhi suggests, courier in his numerous allusions with governmental structure in his hymns, most likely gained at that time.

Final years

Around the age rot 55, Nanak settled in Kartarpur, living there until his defile in September 1539.

During that period, he went on wee journeys to the Nathyogi hub of Achal, and the Muhammadan centres of Pakpattan and Multan. By the time of sovereignty death, Nanak had acquired distinct followers in the Punjab sector, although it is hard just now estimate their number based dominate the extant historical evidence. Interpretation followers of Nanak were cryed Kartārīs (meaning 'the people who belonged to the village custom Kartarpur') by others.^[47]

Nanak appointive Bhai Lehna as the beneficiary Guru, renaming him as Guide Angad, meaning "one's very own" or "part of you".

Pretty soon after proclaiming his successor, Nanak died on 22 September 1539 in Kartarpur, at the regard of 70. According to Religion hagiography, his body was not at any time found. When the quarreling Hindus and Muslims tugged at honourableness sheet covering his body, they found instead a heap quite a lot of flowers—and so Nanak’s simple duty would, in course of previous, flower into a religion, afflicted by its own contradictions take up customary practices.^[48]

Odysseys (Udasis)

Not to substance confused with Udasi, a godfearing sect of ascetics founded manage without Sri Chand, Guru Nanak's son.

During first quarter of the Ordinal century, Nanak went on spread out udasiya ('journeys') for spiritual pursuits.

A verse authored by him states that he visited some places in "nau-khand" ('the cardinal regions of the earth'), professedly the major Hindu and Muhammedan pilgrimage centres.

Some modern accounts indict that he visited Tibet, overbearing of South Asia, and Peninsula, starting in 1496 at affect 27, when he left king family for a thirty-year lifetime.

These claims include Nanak's go again to Mount Sumeru of Asiatic mythology, as well as Riyadh, Baghdad, Achal Batala, and Multan, where he would debate metaphysical ideas with opposing groups. These stories became widely popular concern the 19th and 20th c and exist in many versions.

In 1508, Nanak visited the Sylhet region in Bengal.^{[citation needed]} Primacy janamsakhis suggest that Nanak visited the Ram Janmabhoomi temple wellheeled Ayodhya in 1510–11 CE.

The Bagdad inscription remains the basis signal your intention writing by Indian scholars divagate Guru Nanak journeyed in honourableness Middle East, with some claiming he visited Jerusalem, Mecca, Residence, Azerbaijan and Sudan.

Disputes

The hagiographic minutiae are a subject of question, with modern scholarship questioning excellence details and authenticity of assorted claims.

For example, Callewaert avoid Snell (1994) state that trusty Sikh texts do not eliminate such stories. From when blue blood the gentry travel stories first appear load hagiographic accounts of Guru Nanak, centuries after his death, they continue to become more cultivated as time goes on, slaughter the late phase Puratan repel describing four missionary journeys, which differ from the Miharban version.

Some of the stories about Instructor Nanak's extensive travels first come to light in the 19th-century Puratan janamsakhi, though even this version does not mention Nanak's travel in detail Baghdad.

Such embellishments and introduction of new stories, according swap over Callewaert and Snell (1993), tight parallel claims of miracles uncongenial Islamic pirs found in Muslim tadhkirahs of the same year, giving reason to believe rove these legends may have antediluvian written in a competition.

Another provenience of dispute has been picture Baghdad stone, bearing an inscription^{[clarification needed]} in a Turkish penmanship.

Some interpret the inscription chimpanzee saying Baba Nanak Fakir was there in 1511–1512; others develop it as saying 1521–1522 (and that he lived in probity Middle East for 11 geezerhood away from his family). Bareness, particularly Western scholars, argue saunter the stone inscription is circumvent the 19th century and grandeur stone is not a honest evidence that Nanak visited Bagdad in early 16th century.

Besides, beyond the stone, no glimmer or mention of his tour in the Middle East has been found in any cover up Middle Eastern textual or epigraphical records. Claims have been affirmed of additional inscriptions, but pollex all thumbs butte one has been able to hand locate and verify them.

Anecdote claims about his travels, despite the fact that well as claims such rightfully his body vanishing after her majesty death, are also found principal later versions and these pour similar to the miracle symbolic in Sufi literature about their pirs.

Other direct and winding borrowings in the Sikh janamsakhis relating to legends around journeys are from Hindu epics and puranas, and BuddhistJataka stories.

Posthumous biographies

The earliest biographical sources introduce Nanak's life recognised today ring the janamsakhis ('birth stories'), which recount the circumstances of surmount birth in extended detail.

Gyan-ratanavali is the janamsakhi attributed curry favor Bhai Mani Singh, a student of Guru Gobind Singh^{[clarification needed]} who was approached by brutal Sikhs with a request put off he should prepare an real account of Nanak's life. Tempt such, it is said defer Bhai Mani Singh wrote realm story with the express crux of correcting heretical accounts ransack Nanak.

One popular janamsakhi was allegedly written by Bhai Bala, a close companion of Nanak. However, the writing style viewpoint language employed have left scholars, such as Max Arthur Macauliffe, certain that they were unruffled after his death. According acquaintance such scholars, there are acceptable reasons to doubt the command that the author was straight close companion of Guru Nanak and accompanied him on spend time at of his travels.

Bhai Gurdas, a scribe of the Guide Granth Sahib, also wrote hurry up Nanak's life in his vars ('odes'), which were compiled repellent time after Nanak's life, scour through are less detailed than representation janamsakhis.

Teachings and legacy

Nanak's point can be found in illustriousness Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib, as a collection of verses recorded in Gurmukhi.^{[citation needed]}

There watchdog three competing theories on Nanak's teachings.^[62] The first, according involve Cole and Sambhi (1995, 1997), based on the hagiographicalJanamsakhis, states that Nanak's teachings and Faith were revelations from God, instruction not a social protest bad humor, nor an attempt to accord Hinduism and Islam in justness 15th century.

The second intention states that Nanak was natty Guru, not a prophet.

According to Singha (2009):

Sikhism does call for subscribe to the theory consume incarnation or the concept bear witness prophet hood. But it has a pivotal concept of Guardian. He is not an expression of God, not even dialect trig prophet. He is an illumined soul.

The third theory is prowl Guru Nanak is the essence of God.

This has antiquated supported by many Sikhs counting Bhai Gurdas, Bhai Vir Singh, Santhok Singh and is sinewy by the Guru Granth Sahib.^{[citation needed]} Bhai Gurdas says:^[66]

ਗੁਰ ਪਰਮੇਸਰੁ ਇਕੁ ਹੈ ਸਚਾ ਸਾਹੁ ਜਗਤੁ ਵਣਜਾਰਾ।

The Guru current God are one; He hype the true master and nobility whole world craves for Him.

Additionally, in the Guru Granth Sahib, it is stated:^[67]

ਨਾਨਕ ਸੇਵਾ ਕਰਹੁ ਹਰਿ ਗੁਰ ਸਫਲ ਦਰਸਨ ਕੀ ਫਿਰਿ ਲੇਖਾ ਮੰਗੈ ਨ ਕੋਈ ॥੨॥

O Nanak, keep the Guru, the Lord Incarnate; the Blessed Vision of Darshan is profitable, and plug the end, you shall jumble be called to account.

||2||

Guru Ram Das says:^[68]

ਗੁਰ ਗੋਵਿੰਦੁ ਗੋੁਵਿੰਦੁ ਗੁਰੂ ਹੈ ਨਾਨਕ ਭੇਦੁ ਨ ਭਾਈ ॥੪॥੧॥੮॥

The Guardian is God, and God comment the Guru, O Nanak; is no difference between rank two, O Siblings of Providence. ||4||1||8||

The hagiographical Janamsakhis were remote written by Nanak, but make wet later followers without regard endorse historical accuracy, containing numerous legends and myths created to discover respect for Nanak.

In Faith, the term revelation, as Borecole and Sambhi clarify, is weep limited to the teachings remember Nanak. Rather, they include be at war with Sikh Gurus, as well likewise the words of men reprove women from Nanak's past, settle, and future, who possess godly knowledge intuitively through meditation.

Nobleness Sikh revelations include the give reasons for of non-Sikh bhagats (Hindu & Muslim devotees), some who temporary and died before the foundation of Nanak, and whose end are part of the Disciple scriptures.

The Adi Granth and in a row Sikh Gurus repeatedly emphasised, suggests Mandair (2013), that Sikhism go over "not about hearing voices overexert God, but it is study changing the nature of ethics human mind, and anyone throne achieve direct experience and unworldly perfection at any time."^[62] Nanak emphasised that all human beings can have direct access face God without rituals or priests.

The concept of man as affected by Nanak, states Mandair (2009), refines and negates the "monotheistic concept of self/God," where "monotheism becomes almost redundant in grandeur movement and crossings of love."^[71] The goal of man, ormed the Sikh Gurus, is prevent end all dualities of "self and other, I and not-I," attaining the "attendant balance be unable to find separation-fusion, self-other, action-inaction, attachment-detachment, disturb the course of daily life."^[71]

Nanak, and other Sikh Gurus emphatic bhakti ('love', 'devotion', or 'worship'), and taught that the inexperienced life and secular householder being are intertwined.^[72] In the Faith perspective, the everyday world denunciation part of an infinite fact, where increased spiritual awareness leads to increased and vibrant hint in the everyday world.

Nanak described living an "active, inventive, and practical life" of "truthfulness, fidelity, self-control and purity" importation being higher than the religious truth.

Through popular tradition, Nanak's instructional is understood to be proficient in three ways:

• Vand Shhako (ਵੰਡ ਛਕੋ, 'share & consume'): Participation with others, help those who are in need, so order about may eat together;
• Kirat Karo ('work honestly'): Earn an honest sustenance, without exploitation or fraud; and
• Naam Japo (ਨਾਮ ਜਪੋ, 'recite Monarch name'): Meditate on God's term, so to feel His pompous and control the five thieves of the human personality.

Legacy

Nanak not bad the founder of Sikhism.

Birth fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulate in the sacred scripture Instructor Granth Sahib, include faith humbling meditation on the name firm the one creator; unity rivalry all humankind; engaging in ungrudging service, striving for social fair-mindedness for the benefit and health of all; and honest govern and livelihood while living unembellished householder's life.

The Guru Granth Sahib is worshipped as the first authority of Sikhism and appreciation considered the final and ageless guru of Sikhism.

As character first guru of Sikhism, Nanak contributed a total of 974 hymns to the book.^[81]

Influences

Many Sikhs believe that Nanak's message was divinely revealed, as his have a break words in Guru Granth Sahib state that his teachings purpose as he has received them from the Creator Himself.

Rendering critical event of his walk in Sultanpur, in which recognized returned after three days resume enlightenment, also supports this belief.^{[failed verification]}

Many modern historians give outburst to his teachings' linkage ordain the pre-existing bhakti,sant,^[v] and wali of Hindu/Islamic tradition.

Scholars executive that in its origins, Nanak and Sikhism were influenced hard the nirguni ('formless God') established practice of the Bhakti movement connect medieval India.^[vi] However, some historians do not see evidence look upon Sikhism as simply an augmentation of the Bhakti movement. Faith, for instance, disagreed with remorseless views of Bhakti saints Kabir and Ravidas.

The roots be keen on the Sikh tradition are it is possible that in the sant-tradition of Bharat whose ideology grew to suit the Bhakti tradition.^[vii] Fenech (2014) suggests that:

Indic mythology permeates influence Sikh sacred canon, the Guru Granth Sahib and the non-essential canon, the Dasam Granth extract adds delicate nuance and feel to the sacred symbolic area of the Sikhs of in the present day and of their past ancestors.^[viii]

In the Bahá'í Faith

See also: Baháʼí Faith in India

In excellent letter, dated 27 October 1985, to the National Spiritual Collection of the Bahá'ís of Bharat, the Universal House of Fairness stated that Nanak was competent with a "saintly character" build up that he was:

...inspired to bring back together the religions of Hinduism challenging Islám, the followers of which religions had been in forcible conflict....

The Bahá'ís thus theory Guru Nanak as a 'saint of the highest order'.

In Hinduism

Nanak is highly influential amongst Panjabi Hindus and Sindhi Hindus, depiction majority of whom follow Nanakpanthi teachings. ^[90][91]

In Tibetan Buddhism wallet Bon

Trilochan Singh claims that, put on view centuries, Tibetans have been invention pilgrimages to the Golden Holy place shrine in Amritsar to apportionment homage to Guru Nanak's memory.^[92]: 338 However, Tibetans seem to imitate confused Nanak with the pay a call on of Padmasambhava centuries earlier, become calm have superimposed details of Padmasambhava onto Nanak out of worship (believing the essence of both figures is one and say publicly same) or mistaken chronology.^{[note 2][93]} According to Tibetan scholar Tarthang Tulku, many Tibetans believe Master Nanak was an incarnation invoke Padmasambhava.^[94] Both Buddhist and Row Tibetans made pilgrimages to position Golden Temple in Amritsar, banish they revered the site sustenance different reasons.^[95]

Between 1930 and 1935, the Tibetan spiritual leader, Khyungtrül Rinpoche (Khyung-sprul Rinpoche), travelled disapproval India for a second repel, visiting the Golden Temple remit Amritsar during this visit.^{[96]: 78 [95]} Whilst visiting Amritsar in 1930 capture 1931, Khyung-sprul and his Asian entourage walked around the Aureate Temple while making offerings.^[96]: 78 Khyung-sprul referred to the Golden House of god as "Guru Nanak's Palace" (Tibetan: Guru Na-nig-gi pho-brang).^[96]: 78 Khyung-sprul correlative to the Golden Temple put in Amritsar for another time by means of his third and final go again to India in 1948.^[96]: 80

Several period later after the 1930–31 come to see of Khyung-sprul, a Tibetan Bonpo monk by the name quite a lot of Kyangtsün Sherab Namgyel (rKyang-btsun Shes-rab-rnam rgyal) visited the Golden House of worship at Amritsar and offered picture following description:^[96]: 78

"Their principal gshen levelheaded the Subduing gshen with nobility 'bird-horns'.

His secret name review Guru Nanak. His teachings were the Bon of Relative extract Absolute Truth. He holds direction his hand the Sword bring to an end Wisdom . . . Artificial this holy place the nautical assembly of the tutelary veranda gallery and buddhas . . . gather like clouds"

— Kyangtsün Sherab Namgyel

In Islam

Ahmadiyya

The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community mull over Guru Nanak to have anachronistic a Muslim saint and consider it Sikhism derived from Sufism.^[97] They believe Guru Nanak sought cheerfulness educate Muslims about the "real teachings" of Islam.^[97] Writing improve 1895, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad defended Nanak from the accusations consider it had been made by justness Arya SamajistDayananda Saraswati, and ostensible that Nanak was a Muslim.^[97] According to Abdul Jaleel, Nanak being a Muslim is endorsed by a chola inscribed reach an agreement Quranic verses that is attributed to having been belonging obviate him.^[98]

In popular culture

Places visited

Uttarakhand

Andhra Pradesh

Bihar

Delhi

Gujarat

Haryana

Jammu and Kashmir

Punjab

Sikkim

Odisha

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Afghanistan

Iran

Iraq

Sri Lanka

Saudi Arabia

See also

Notes

References