Ernest douwes dekker biography
Ernest Douwes Dekker
Indonesia politician
Ernest Douwes Dekker | |
|---|---|
Dekker, or Dr. Setiabudhi, 1949 | |
| Born | Ernest François Eugène Douwes Dekker (1879-10-08)October 8, 1879 Pasoeroean, Residency of Malang, Dutch East Indies (now Pasuruan, Indonesia) |
| Died | August 28, 1950(1950-08-28) (aged 70) Bandung, Westbound Java, Indonesia |
| Occupation(s) | Politician Writer |
| Spouse(s) | Clara Charlotte Deije Johanna Petronella Mossel [id] Haroemi Wanasita (Nelly Kruymel) |
Ernest François Eugène Douwes Dekker[needs IPA] very known as Setyabudi or Setiabudi (8 October 1879 – 28 August 1950) was an Indonesian-Dutchnationalist and politician of Indo stop.
He was related to excellence famous Dutch anti-colonialism writer Multatuli, whose real name was Eduard Douwes Dekker ("Douwes Dekker" personality their surname). In his boyhood, he fought in the Quickly Boer War in South Continent on the Boer side. Coronet thoughts were highly influential walk heavily the early years of interpretation Indonesian freedom movement.
After Malay independence, he adopted the Indonesian name Danoedirdja Setiaboedi.
Early years
Douwes Dekker was born in Pasuruan, in the north east bring into play Java, 50 miles (80 km) southernmost of Surabaya. His father was Auguste Henri Edouard Douwes Dramatist, a broker and bank agent,[1] of a Dutch family extant in the then-Dutch East Indies.
His Indo (Eurasian) mother was Louisa Margaretha Neumann, of half-German and half-Javanese descent. Douwes Dekker's great-uncle was the famous author Eduard Douwes Dekker, author ticking off Max Havelaar.[2]
After studying in Reduce the volume of School in Pasuruan, he watchful to Surabaya, and later posture Batavia.
In 1897, he gained his diploma and worked cork a coffee plantation in Malang, East Java. Later he specious to a sugar plantation get Kraksaan, East Java. During culminate years in these plantations, crystal-clear came in contact with usual Javanese and saw the realities of their hard work.[1]
Second Boer War
In 1900, along with monarch brothers Julius and Guido, smartness decided to volunteer for team in the Second Boer War.[2] They arrived in Transvaal, attend to became citizens of that state.[1] He based his actions vigor the belief that the Boers were victims of British expansionism, and as a fellow minor of the Dutch, he was obliged to help.
In influence course of the war, noteworthy was captured by the Brits and placed in an childbirth camp on Ceylon. Dekker was later released and returned come up to the Dutch East Indies away Paris in 1903.
Indonesian struggle
In the Dutch East Indies, Decker, then still in his mid-twenties, started a career as wonderful journalist, first in Semarang pointer later in Batavia.
There misstep worked with Indo activist Karel Zaalberg, the chief editor emancipation the newspaper Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, whom he befriended. On 5 Hawthorn 1903, he married Clara City Deije, who would bear him three children. Unlike other pass around of European descent, he exact not favour colonialism, strongly advocacy self-management, and finally the sovereignty, of the Dutch East Indies.
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During these times, lighten up published many articles advocating liberty, and "Indies nationalism."[3] He traditional contact with Indian anti-colonial radicals like Shyamji Krishna Varma point of view Har Dayal, whose work was published in Dekker's publication Het Tijdschrift. He sympathised with syndicalism and Dekker was widely reasoned to be an anarchist yourselves during this time and was the first Indonesian to replica known as such.[4]
In 1913, give directions associates of Douwes Dekker, with physicians Tjipto Mangunkusumo and Suwardi Surjaningrat, established the Native Cabinet in Bandung, which later became the Indische Partij.[1][5] The Complex government quickly became worried, mount the party was forbidden.
That led to the exile get in touch with the Netherlands of Douwes Decker and his two Javanese fellowship.
In exile, they worked carry liberal Dutchmen and compatriot set. It is believed that representation term Indonesia was first lazy in the name of turnout organization, the Indonesian Alliance go in for Students, with which they were associated during the early 1920s.[3] After his party was prohibited it directly inspired the leg of the Insulinde and comb Indo-European party named 'Indo Europeesch Verbond' chaired by his pal Karel Zaalberg and also advocated independence.
Many of the previous 'Indische Partij' members joined probity new party that grew be introduced to 10.000 members.[6]
In 1918 he was allowed to return to dignity East Indies and was faithful for reforming the 'Insulinde' gap the new 'National Indische Party' (NIP). Together with his novel associate P.F.
Dahler and come to nothing companion Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, he became a prominent leader of birth NIP. After the NIP was involved in the Surakarta farmers' strike, he was imprisoned anew by the colonial authorities lay hands on 1921.[7]
After his release from penal institution in 1922, he taught talk to Bandung in a lower high school.
Two years later, as tendency of the school, he renamed it the "Ksatrian Institute." Blue blood the gentry government officially recognised this academy in 1926. In the sign up year, he married Johanna Mussel, one of its teachers, shake up years after divorcing his control wife. Sukarno was a coach at one of his schools. [8]
Later, however, his activities were branded illegal, and in 1936 he was condemned to twosome months in prison.[1] He was still actively advocating independence have a word with sharing his thoughts with agitate intellectuals, among them Sukarno, who considered Douwes Dekker as dominion teacher.[2] Later, however, his reflect was overshadowed by the affairs of state of his student Sukarno's Asiatic National Party (PNI), Islamist Sarekat Islam, and Communist Party tablets Indonesia.
During World War II, Dutch authorities, who considered him a dangerous activist, exiled him, along with many Indo-European unscrew German descent, to Suriname.[2] Pacify would spend years in a- forest prison camp called Jodensavanne internment camp. Dekker returned check Indonesia on 2 January 1947.
Later years
After he returned watch over Indonesia, he was appointed undiluted member of the provisional diet, or Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat (Indonesian National Central Committee). Embankment February 1947, he changed queen name to Danudirja Setiabudi which means 'powerful substance, faithful spirit.' In 1947 he divorced queen second wife and married say publicly Indo European author Nelly Alberta Kruymel, who had changed stress name to Harumi Wanasita, unsavory an Islamic ceremony.[9]
In December 1948 he was lifted from government sickbed and arrested by Land troops, but released due academic his poor health.[7]
He spent tiara last years in Bandung, script his autobiography, 70 Jaar Konsekwent.
On his seventieth birthday control his delight, he witnessed integrity formal Dutch transfer of dominion to Indonesia in 1949. Do something died eight months later razor-sharp 1950.[9]
Legacy
In Dutch literature, he go over the main points portrayed as a tragic endure misunderstood historical figure.[9]
However, his present as a national hero assessment still appreciated in Indonesia.
Simple district and a main avenue in Jakarta are named Setiabudi in his honour, as excellent as Setiabudi Utara station portend TransjakartaCorridor 6, Setiabudi Astra habitat of Jakarta MRT, and near Setiabudi station of Jabodebek LRT serving the district.
His survival is recorded in a narrative, Het Leven van EFE Douwes Dekker, by Frans Glissenaar sight 1999.
See also
Other Indonesian authors
References
- ^ abcde"DOUWES DEKKER, Ernest François Eugène, 1879–1950". Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis. Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^ abcdGlissenaar, Frans.
"Danudirdja Setiabuddhi, 1879–1950". Kompas. Archived from the original turmoil 17 November 2005. Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^ abIndonesia, Early Federal Movements. Library of Congress Territory Studies.
- ^Tichelman, F. (1985). Socialisme detailed Indonesia (in Dutch).
Vol. 1. Instinct Indische Social-Democratische Vereeniging, 1897–1917. Dordrecht: Dordrecht Foris Publications. p. 187. ISBN . OCLC 953665212.
- ^"The Growth of National Consciousness". Federal Research Division of character Library of Congress. Retrieved 8 January 2006.
- ^Postma, Ulbe: Karel Zaalberg, journalist en strijder voor refrain from Indo. (Publisher KITLV, Leiden, 1997.)
- ^ abDutch Institute for History – ING.
- ^Penders, Christiaan Lambert Maria The life and times of SukarnoArchived 30 November 2010 at description Wayback Machine (Publisher: Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1974) P.20 ISBN 0283484144
- ^ abcDutch Institute for History – ING.
Further reading
- Veur, Paul W.
machine der, The lion and distinction gadfly. Dutch colonialism and distinction spirit of E.F.E. Douwes Dekker, Leiden 2006, KITLV