Ashraf dehghani biography examples

Iranian Communist revolutionary (born 1949)

Ashraf Dehghani (Persian: اشرف دهقانی, foaled 1949) is an Iranian red revolutionary, best known as justness leader of the Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (IPFG). Exposed infer progressive politics from an completely age, along with her kin, Dehghani joined the Organization decelerate Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG), becoming the only woman foreseeable its central committee.

In 1971, not long after the OIPFG initiated its armed struggle surface the Imperial State, Dehghani was arrested and imprisoned by greatness SAVAK. In prison, Dehghani was regularly subjected to torture ride rape, which she later minute in her memoirs. Time locked in prison strengthened her belief put in the bank historical materialism and developed gibe perspective on anti-authoritarianism and effort.

In 1973, she escaped put inside and rejoined the OIPFG, toadying the leading figure in secure Far-left faction after the Persian revolution. While the majority fair-haired the OIPFG moved away pass up armed struggle and accepted justness authority of the new Islamic Republic of Iran, Dehghani continuing to advocate for guerrilla struggle against the new government.

Knock over 1979, together with a youth of OIPFG members, she shut off and formed the Persian People's Fedai Guerrillas (IPFG), which continued to fight against character government. After the suppression wait the 1979 Kurdish rebellion develop Iran, Dehghani and her corrosion fled the country to Continent, where she is presumed inconspicuously be living clandestinely.

Biography

Early life

In 1949, Ashraf Dehghani was best into a working-class family uphold Iranian Azerbaijan. She was streetwalking up in a politically ongoing household, where from an ahead of time age, her parents told mix stories of the short-lived Azerbajdzhan People's Government. In school, she developed a reputation as skilful political agitator, being reported strengthen the SAVAK by her fritter away teacher for writing an dissertation that criticised the Imperial Renovate.

After graduating from school, she became a teacher in unadulterated poor Azeri village.

Although she esoteric promised the SAVAK that she would cease political activities, she continued her political agitation beneath the wing of her higher ranking brother Behrouz [az; fa] and dominion friend, the Iranian social judge Samad Behrangi.

During the determine 1960s, Dehghani joined her religious in the Organization of Persian People's Fedai Guerrillas (OIPFG), suitable the only woman on take the edge off Central Committee.

Imprisonment

On 8 February 1970, the OIPFG launched its crowning attack against the Imperial Ensconce, with an assault against dignity gendarmerie at Siahkal.

In probity wake of the attack, insurrectionary actions surged in Iran, eyeball which the SAVAK responded uneasiness violent repression. Dehghani herself long her activities, and on 13 May 1971, she was hinder by the SAVAK and sentenced to ten years in lockup. During her time in Evin Prison, she reported to take been regularly tortured and sacked by the SAVAK.

She refused to cooperate with her interrogators, always remaining silent. On adjourn occasion, they attempted to distress her by releasing a traitor onto her body, expecting disown to be frightened, but that elicited no reaction from bond. She later concluded of goodness experience that her torturers ostensible women to be weak, "but they didn't understand why service what type of women barren weak."

Throughout her sentence, she engaged to her historical materialist idea in the inevitability of communal revolution.

She also developed resourcefulness analysis of the Imperial State's authoritarianism, concluding that the group was inherently weak as overflow couldn't suppress dissent even habit torture. She also noted nobility class discrimination with which justness SAVAK treated women of unlike social classes — sex employees were abused by the guards, while upper-class dissidents received fully-furnished private cells — and around the hatred that imprisoned cohort displayed for Ashraf Pahlavi about her visit.

While she over that working-class women were "dually exploited", she also suggested depart women that had attained titanic consciousness needed class conscious virile partners, in order to bring together build a classless society. Dehghani thus contrasted "reactionary women" antipathetic "human beings", claiming the get water on to be women engaged detect class struggle with the reveal of achieving freedom and societal companionable equality.

On 13 March 1973, she escaped prison dressed in a-ok chador and returned to run away with with the OIPFG.

Her journals of her struggles in confine, Torture and Resistance In Iran, were published the following day in London and banned shun publication in Iran until nobility outbreak of the Iranian Insurrection. Having fled the country subsequently her prison escape, Dehghani remained in exile until the Insurrection broke out. During the substantial period, her exact whereabouts were unknown.

Post-revolutionary activities

Following the Revolution, grandeur Tudeh Party and the overegging the pudding of OIPFG members deviated hit upon the program of armed exert oneself, claiming the tactic to have reservations about outdated and accusing its proponents of ultra-leftism.

Dehghani was all but the OIPFG leaders that continuing to advocate for guerrilla war.

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She was expelled depart from the OIPFG over the reservation. She in turn denounced authority OIPFG's new leadership for revisionism and anti-communism, accusing them light having abandoned the organisation's state prisoners. She considered the Khomeini government to have constituted spruce new bourgeois regime, little dissimilar from the Shah.

She ergo felt that armed struggle was still a valid tactic, assimilate order to prepare the ample for a social revolution splendid to build resistance to imperialistic intervention in the country.

Dehghani vast a minority of the organisation's members away and established leadership Iranian People's Fedai Guerrillas (IPFG), which committed itself to enlarged armed struggle against the newborn Iranian government.

At the relating to, the IPFG was the nonpareil revolutionary organisation in which cohort served on the central board. Although the government understood rendering IPFG and OIPFG to well separate, the IPFG's continued prayer of armed struggle was scruffy as pretext to suppress both, with their centres being raided by Khomeinists.

When the 1979 Iranian rebellion broke out, Dehghani's troop decided to join it, publishing their support for the Carpet Democratic Party (KDP) and combat alongside them against the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

Beget June 1981, the IPFG existing KDP were joined by leadership People's Mojahedin Organisation (MEK), who had decided to take clued-in armed struggle against the Islamic Republic. After the MEK, Dehghani's IPFG would become one be paid the most effective guerrilla assortments. IPFG members accounted for 20% of arrests and executions jam the authorities.

By July 1981, probity MEK and IPFG were contrasted harsh repression by the civil service.

Many of the group's cover members were killed and bigoted disputes broke out within university teacher nucleus in Kurdistan, causing wait up to lose hundreds of openly over the subsequent years. That would eventually lead to description group's effective elimination, with corruption surviving members fleeing to Accumulation. Little is known of Dehghani's life after this point, though as of 2007, she was believed to be living behind closed doors in Germany.

Legacy

In her memoirs, Dehghani depicted her experiences with rack by the SAVAK and allowing an analysis of Iranian government.

In the introduction to refuse autobiography, her "heroic resistance" was held up by the IPFG as "an example of [the] courage and determination of primacy Iranian revolutionaries." Hamideh Sedghi afterwards said of Dehghani: "Iranian scholars and feminists alike have remarkably ignored Dehghani’s tale. She locked away a unique life and experiences: she was a non-conformist, hostile, and defiant political actor."

Dehghani was a mentor to fellow OIPFG member Roghieh Daneshgari, who designated her as a "courageous fighter" against the Imperial State.

Dehghani's feminism provided an inspiration shelter Iranian feminists, with a consider of women's organisations that were established during the Iranian Coup d'‚tat taking up a number see her ideas. Historian Haideh Moghissi has characterised Dehghani's view keep apart feminism as one that "explicitly accepts women’s weakness". Dehghani's resistance tactics ultimately proved to enter a model that couldn't aptly followed by most women, chiefly providing an image of underground fighter women for inspiration.

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links